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Nail Assessment and Pressure Injury Management Study Guide

Peripheral Vascular System Overview

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Integumentary System Health Assessment

Integumentary, Lymphatic, and Peripheral Vascular Systems

Lecture outline covering the integumentary system including skin, hair, and nails, breasts and regional lymphatics, and the peripheral vascular and lymphatic systems.

  • Layers of the skin
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous layer
  • Skin color sources
  • Epidermal appendages
  • Hair types
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Sweat glands
  • Functions of the skin
  • Developmental considerations

Assessment of Skin, Hair, and Nails

Clinical assessment of skin, hair, and nails including subjective data, objective examination techniques, and identification of primary lesions and color changes.

  • Social determinants of health
  • Biocultural variation
  • Subjective data collection
  • Skin color changes
  • Pallor
  • Cyanosis
  • Carotenemia
  • Palpation techniques
  • Temperature, moisture, and texture
  • Skin turgor and mobility
  • Edema and pitting scale
  • Primary skin lesions
  • Macule
  • Papule
  • Vesicle
  • Pustule
  • ABCDE melanoma criteria
  • Hair and scalp assessment
  • Alopecia
  • Hirsutism

Nail Assessment and Pressure Injury Management

Assessment of nail shape, contour, and capillary refill alongside identification of pressure injury stages, risk factors, and Braden Scale scoring.

  • Nail shape and contour
  • Clubbing and chronic hypoxia
  • Capillary refill
  • Cyanosis and pallor
  • Pressure injury risk factors
  • Pressure injury staging
  • Stage 1 to Stage 4 pressure injuries
  • Unstageable pressure injuries
  • Deep tissue pressure injury
  • Braden Scale

Breast and Regional Lymphatic Assessment

Breasts and Regional Lymphatic System Assessment

Assessment of breast and regional lymphatic system including developmental considerations, disorders during lactation, physical examination techniques, and breast cancer risk factors.

  • Developmental considerations for infants, adolescents, pregnant people, and lactating people
  • Lactation disorders including plugged duct, mastitis, and breast abscess
  • Post-menopausal breast changes and male breast anatomy
  • Gynecomastia
  • Breast cancer risk factors and screening
  • Breast self-examination (BSE)
  • Physical examination inspection and palpation techniques
  • Lymphatic drainage and axillary assessment
  • Characteristics of breast masses and lumps
  • Subjective and objective data collection for breast health

Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic Systems

Peripheral Vascular System Overview

An overview of the peripheral vasculature including arteries, veins, and lymphatics, along with related organs and common vascular conditions.

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Lymphatics
  • Spleen
  • Tonsils
  • Bone marrow
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  • Peripheral Vascular Examination
  • Lymphedema
  • Doppler Ultrasonic Stethoscope
  • Deep Venous Thrombophlebitis
  • Arterial Occlusions
  • Arterial Aneurysms

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