Innate Immune System Defenses Study Guide
A comprehensive guide to understanding the different types of hypersensitivity reactions, including immediate, subacute, and delayed responses. Learn about the immune components involved, such as antibodies and T cells, and common clinical examples like allergies, autoimmune diseases, and contact dermatitis.
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Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses
Innate and Adaptive Immune System Defenses
The immune system provides resistance to disease through innate nonspecific defense systems and adaptive specific defense systems.
- Innate defense system
- Adaptive defense system
- First line of defense
- Second line of defense
- Third line of defense
- Surface barriers
- Skin and mucosae
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Phagocytes
- Inflammation
Innate and Adaptive Immune System Defenses
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Innate and Adaptive Immune Defenses
Innate Immune System Second Line Defense
The innate system includes phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, antimicrobial proteins, and fever to protect against microorganisms.
- Phagocytosis
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages
- Opsonization
- Natural killer cells
- Apoptosis
- Inflammation
- Vasodilation
- Capillary permeability
- Leukocytosis
- Diapedesis
- Chemotaxis
- Histamine
- Prostaglandins
- Cytokines
- Complement proteins
The Innate Immune System: Second Line of Defense
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Antimicrobial Proteins and Innate Defenses
Antimicrobial proteins including interferons and the complement system enhance innate defense by attacking microorganisms directly or hindering reproduction.
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Interferons
- Complement system
- Classical pathway
- Lectin pathway
- Alternative pathway
- Membrane attack complex (MAC)
- Opsonization
- Inflammation
- Fever
- Pyrogens
Characteristics of the Adaptive Immune System
The adaptive immune system is a specific, systemic defensive system that utilizes humoral and cellular immunity to recognize and target antigens.
- Adaptive immunity
- Humoral immunity
- Cellular immunity
- Antigens
- Antigenic determinants
- Self-antigens
- MHC proteins
- B lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
- Antigen-presenting cells
- Dendritic cells
- Macrophages
- Immunocompetence
- Self-tolerance
- Clonal deletion
- Lymphocyte maturation
Humoral Immune Response and Immunity
B cells encounter target antigens to provoke humoral immune response through clonal selection, producing plasma cells and memory cells.
- Humoral immune response
- B cell activation
- Clonal selection
- Plasma cells
- Memory cells
- Immunological memory
- Primary immune response
- Secondary immune response
- Active humoral immunity
- Passive humoral immunity
- Naturally acquired immunity
- Artificially acquired immunity
Antibody Structure and Cellular Immune Response
Antibodies are proteins secreted by plasma cells that bind specifically with antigens and utilize various defensive mechanisms to inactivate and tag pathogens.
- Antibody structure
- Immunoglobulin classes
- IgM
- IgA
- IgD
- IgG
- Neutralization
- Agglutination
- Precipitation
- Complement fixation
- Monoclonal antibodies
- T cells
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
- Regulatory T cells
- MHC proteins
- Antigen presentation
MHC Proteins and Cellular Immunity
MHC proteins facilitate antigen presentation to T cells to mediate adaptive immune responses through helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells.
- Class I MHC proteins
- Class II MHC proteins
- Antigen presentation
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
- B cell activation
- Cytokines
- Interleukins
- Interferons
- Natural killer cells
- Apoptosis
- Immune surveillance
Understanding Types of Hypersensitivities
Types of Immune System Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivities are immune responses to perceived threats that cause tissue damage and are distinguished by their time course and whether antibodies or T cells are involved.
- Immediate hypersensitivity
- Acute hypersensitivity
- Allergies
- Mast cells
- Basophils
- Histamine release
- Anaphylactic shock
- Subacute hypersensitivities
- Cytotoxic reactions
- Immune complex hypersensitivity
- Delayed hypersensitivity
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
- Haptens
Understanding Hypersensitivity Reactions in the Immune System
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