Human Nervous System and Brain Anatomy Study Guide
This guide explores the fundamental workings of the human endocrine system. Learn about the primary glands, such as the hypothalamus and pituitary, and their crucial roles in regulating bodily functions through hormones. Discover how the adrenal glands manage stress responses and gain an understanding of common endocrine-related health conditions.
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Nervous and Endocrine System Functions
Nervous and Endocrine System Functions
The nervous system and endocrine system regulate bodily functions through interconnected nerve fibers, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
- brain structures
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- hormones
Overview of the Human Nervous System
The nervous system is comprised of a complex system of nerve fibers organized into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
- central nervous system (CNS)
- peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- brain
- spinal cord
- autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic division
- parasympathetic division
Overview of the Human Nervous System
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Human Nervous System and Brain Anatomy
This lecture covers the divisions of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the anatomical sections and functions of the brain.
- Autonomic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Hypothalamus
- Cerebral cortex
- Neurotransmitters
Human Nervous System and Brain Anatomy
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The Human Endocrine System
A system of glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood and interacts with the nervous system.
- Endocrine glands
- Hormones
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Somatotropic hormone (STH)
- Gonadotropic hormone (GTH)
- Thyrotropic hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Oxytocin
- Vasopressin
- Epinephrine
- Steroids
- Stress response
The Human Endocrine System and Hormonal Regulation
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Physiological Systems of the Stress Response
Stress activates physiological systems including the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis through acute and chronic responses.
- acute vs. chronic stress
- sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system
- fight-or-flight response
- general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- glucocorticoids
- cortisol
Hormonal Pathways of the Stress Response
- stress response
- hormonal pathways
- pituitary gland
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- endocrinology
Human Physiological Systems and Immune Responses
Introduction to Human Physiology and Systems
This chapter examines the major systems of the body, including the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, and gut microbiome systems, and how they interact during the stress response.
- human physiology
- nervous system
- endocrine system
- cardiovascular system
- immune system
- stress response
Immune System Functions and Disease Transmission
The immune system distinguishes between self and foreign invaders while microbes cause infection through direct, indirect, biological, or mechanical transmission.
- immune system
- psychoneuroimmunology
- direct transmission
- indirect transmission
- biological transmission
- mechanical transmission
- carriers
- incubation period
- tuberculosis
- virulence
- toxigenicity
Mechanisms of Infection and Immune Response
Microbes penetrate bodily tissue to cause infection through virulence and toxigenicity, triggering innate and acquired immune responses including humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
- virulence
- toxigenicity
- incubation period
- sickness behaviour
- cytokines
- pro-inflammatory cytokines
- anti-inflammatory cytokines
- natural immunity
- acquired immunity
- innate immunity
- phagocytosis
- inflammatory response
- antigens
- antibodies
- humoral immunity
- B lymphocytes
- plasma cells
- cell-mediated immunity
- T lymphocytes
- cytotoxic T cells
Lymphatic System and Gut Microbiome
The lymphatic system's role in immunity and the functions of the gut microbiome within the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
- lymphatic system
- lymphatic capillaries
- lymph vessels
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- tonsils
- lymphocytes
- B cells
- T cells
- gut microbiome
- microbiome-gut-brain axis
- bidirectional communication
- parasympathetic functioning
Disorders of the Immune and Lymphatic Systems
The immune system and lymphatic system tissues are subject to various disorders, diseases, and infectious triggers.
- Diabetes
- Osteoporosis
- Cushing's Syndrome
Physiological Systems and the Stress Response
The stress response involves the activation of the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, impacting the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems.
- sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system
- catecholamines
- cortisol
- cardiovascular system
- immune system
Immune System Functions and Responses
The immune system protects the body from foreign substances and pathogens through natural and specific immunity involving lymphocytes, granulocytes, and macrophages.
- natural immunity
- specific immunity
- granulocytes
- neutrophils
- macrophages
- phagocytes
- cytokines
- inflammation
- Natural killer (NK) cells
- lymphocytes
- humoral immunity
- B lymphocytes
- cell-mediated immunity
- T lymphocytes
- cytotoxic (TC) cells
- helper T (TH) cells
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Overview
The Cardiovascular System and Heart Function
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, acting as the transport system of the body.
- cardiovascular system
- heart
- blood vessels
- blood
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
- cardiac cycle
- diastole
- atherosclerosis
- angina pectoris
- myocardial infarction
- arteriosclerosis
- aneurysm
- blood pressure
- hypertension
- cardiac output
- peripheral resistance
Composition and Disorders of Blood
Blood consists of plasma and cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, which can be affected by various disorders.
- plasma
- blood cells
- bone marrow
- white blood cells
- lymphocytes
- red blood cells
- hemoglobin
- platelets
- blood clotting
- fibrinogen
- anemia
- leukemia
- leukopenia
- leukocytosis
- aplastic anemia
- sickle-cell anemia
- hemophilia
- thrombosis
- embolus
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Overview
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels and blood, while respiration acquires oxygen, excretes carbon dioxide, and regulates the composition of the blood.
- cardiovascular system
- heart chambers
- diastole
- angina pectoris
- myocardial infarction
- respiration functions
- inspiration
- expiration
- medulla control
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