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Anatomy of the Posterior Shoulder Study Guide

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the breast's anatomy, from its histological composition to its blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic pathways. It details the clinical significance of these anatomical features, including common malignant lesions and their diagnostic signs.

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Anatomy of the Posterior and Anterior Shoulder

Posterior Shoulder Anatomy and Musculature

An overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, nerves, blood supply, and anatomical gateways of the posterior shoulder.

  • Scapulohumeral muscles
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Teres minor
  • Teres major
  • Rotator cuff
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
  • Suprascapular foramen
  • Quadrangular space
  • Triangular space
  • Triangular interval

Anatomy of the Posterior Shoulder

This content examines the muscles, nerves, blood supply, and anatomical gateways of the posterior shoulder.

  • Suprascapular Foramen
  • Quadrangular Space
  • Triangular Space
  • Triangular Interval
  • Suprascapular artery and nerve
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Circumflex scapular artery and vein
  • Teres minor
  • Teres major
  • Long head of triceps

Blood Supply of the Posterior Shoulder

This content details the arterial supply, anastomoses of the scapular arcade, and collateral blood flow of the posterior shoulder.

  • Suprascapular artery
  • Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
  • Circumflex scapular artery
  • Thoracodorsal artery
  • Arterial anastomoses
  • Scapular arcade
  • Subclavian artery

Anterior Shoulder Pectoral Region and Breast Anatomy

An anatomical study of the anterior shoulder, pectoral region, and breast including muscles, clavipectoral fascia, neurovasculature, and surface anatomy.

  • Anterior shoulder anatomy
  • Pectoral region
  • Breast gross structure
  • Neurovasculature of the breast
  • Clavipectoral triangle borders and contents
  • Clavicle
  • Thoracoacromial artery
  • Coracoid process
  • Clavipectoral fascia
  • Blood supply and lymphatic drainage
  • Surface anatomy

Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Shoulder Complex

Muscles Acting on the Glenohumeral Joint

This content covers shoulder biomechanics, kinesiology, and the anatomy of the deltoid, teres major, and rotator cuff muscles.

  • Glenohumeral joint kinematics
  • Scapulothoracic kinematics
  • Deltoid origin, insertion, action, and innervation
  • Rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
  • Supraspinatus impingement
  • Infraspinatus lateral rotation
  • Subscapularis medial rotation
  • Supraspinatus tendinitis
  • Rotator cuff injury

Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint Complex

This content describes the bones, ligaments, and articulations of the shoulder joint complex, including the pectoral girdle, sternoclavicular joint, and acromioclavicular joint.

  • Pectoral Girdle
  • Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint
  • Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
  • Glenohumeral (GHJ) Joint
  • Scapulothoracic (ST) Joint
  • Sternoclavicular ligaments
  • Acromioclavicular ligament
  • Coracoclavicular ligament
  • Conoid ligament
  • Trapezoid ligament

Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Shoulder Joint

This content covers the synovial ball and socket glenohumeral joint, its stabilizing ligaments, bursae, and the physiological scapulothoracic joint.

  • Synovial ball and socket joint
  • Glenohumeral joint movements
  • Fibrous joint capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Subscapular bursa
  • Subacromial bursa
  • Subdeltoid bursa
  • Glenohumeral ligaments
  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • Transverse humeral ligament
  • Coracoacromial ligament
  • Rotator cuff muscles
  • Shoulder dislocations
  • Adhesive capsulitis
  • Scapulothoracic joint

Movements of the Upper Limb

This content describes movements of the arm at the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the forearm, and the wrist.

  • Glenohumeral joint movements
  • Medial rotation
  • Lateral rotation
  • Circumduction
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Adduction
  • Pronation
  • Supination
  • Wrist joint movements
  • Upper limb and lower limb similarities and differences

Anatomy and Clinical Pathology of the Upper Limb

Anatomy and Clinical Pathology of the Breast

This content covers the anatomical structure, blood supply, venous drainage, lymphatic pathways, and innervation of the breast, alongside clinical connections to malignant lesions and metastasis.

  • Breast tissue composition
  • Mammary gland histology
  • Lactiferous ducts and sinuses
  • Arterial blood supply to the breast
  • Venous drainage pathways
  • Lymphatic drainage and metastasis
  • Intercostal nerve innervation
  • Adenocarcinomas (DCIS and LCIS)
  • Peau d'orange appearance
  • Clinical signs of malignancy

Anatomy of the Anterior Shoulder

This content covers the muscles, clavipectoral fascia, blood supply, and innervation of the anterior shoulder, pectoral region, and breast.

  • Serratus anterior
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavius
  • Clavipectoral fascia
  • Thoracoacromial artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Long thoracic nerve
  • Lateral pectoral nerve
  • Medial pectoral nerve

Gross Anatomy of the Upper Limb

An overview of the regions, functional components, and significant transition areas of the human upper limb.

  • Upper limb regions
  • Shoulder region
  • Arm (Brachium)
  • Forearm (Antebrachium)
  • Hand (Manus)
  • Cubital fossa
  • Carpal tunnel
  • Sternoclavicular joint
  • Scapulothoracic joint
  • Glenohumeral joint
  • Radio-ulnar joint
  • Wrist joints
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Carpus
  • Metacarpus
  • Phalanges
  • Flexor retinaculum

Fascia Compartments of the Upper Limb

This content describes the superficial and deep fascia layers, including various compartments and structures of the upper limb.

  • Superficial fascia
  • Deep fascia
  • Pectoral fascia
  • Clavipectoral fascia
  • Costocoracoid membrane
  • Suspensory ligament of the axilla
  • Deltoid fascia
  • Brachial intermuscular septa
  • Antebrachial fascia
  • Extensor retinaculum
  • Flexor retinaculum
  • Palmar aponeurosis

Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic Upper Limb Anatomy

An overview of the arterial supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage of the upper limb.

  • subclavian artery
  • radial artery
  • palmar arches
  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median cubital vein
  • deep veins
  • superficial lymphatic vessels
  • deep lymphatic vessels

Cutaneous Nerves and Dermatomes of Upper Limb

The cutaneous nerves of the upper limb follow a developmental pattern of segmental innervation and peripheral distribution from the brachial plexus.

  • Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb
  • Dermatomal maps
  • Segmental innervation
  • Peripheral cutaneous nerve distribution
  • Embryological pattern of limb growth
  • Supraclavicular nerves
  • Intercostobrachial nerve

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