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Understanding Psychological Factors in Sports Performance Study Guide

The Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) explains why individuals engage in or avoid physical activity. It highlights two processing pathways: Type 1 (automatic, non-conscious) and Type 2 (reflective, conscious). Type 1 involves immediate feelings and automatic valuations, while Type 2 involves deliberate evaluation and planning. The theory explains behavior based on the concordance or discordance between these two pathways. Strategies like implementation intentions and mindfulness training are dis

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Personality Traits and Psychological Characteristics in Sport

Personality in Sport and Exercise

Explores personality as a systematic variation in how people think, feel, and behave within sport and exercise contexts, examining its development, measurement, and interaction with the environment.

  • personality
  • traits
  • Big Five
  • disposition
  • psychological states
  • social learning theory
  • self-efficacy
  • observational learning
  • biological/evolutionary perspective
  • interactionist approach
  • competitiveness
  • perfectionism
  • passion
  • mental toughness
  • sensation seeking
  • risk taking
  • conscientiousness
  • extraversion
  • neuroticism
  • agreeableness

Risk Taking, Sensation Seeking, and Personality

Examines how sensation seeking, risk taking, and personality relate to athletes participating in high-risk sports.

  • Risk taking
  • Sensation seeking
  • personality
  • Big Five personality model
  • Self-efficacy
  • Physiological activation
  • High-risk sports
  • Adventure and extreme sports

Competitiveness and Perfectionism in Sport

Examines competitiveness and perfectionism as psychological characteristics influencing achievement striving and well-being in elite athletes.

  • competitiveness
  • achievement orientation
  • win orientation
  • goal orientation
  • perfectionism
  • perfectionism paradox
  • personal standards perfectionism (PSP)
  • evaluative concerns perfectionism (ECP)
  • perfectionistic reactivity
  • 2 × 2 model of perfectionism
  • pure PSP
  • mixed perfectionism
  • pure ECP
  • non-perfectionism
  • excellencism

Personality Traits and Exercise Behavior

Examines the relationships between major personality traits and physical activity, discussing how personality may influence exercise preferences and intervention effectiveness.

  • Five-factor model
  • Extraversion
  • Conscientiousness
  • Neuroticism
  • Openness to experience
  • Agreeableness
  • Type A personality
  • Type D personality
  • Industriousness–ambition
  • Intention–behaviour relationship
  • Gain-framed format
  • Loss-framed messages
  • Social comparison strategy
  • Exercise preferences
  • Trait perspective
  • State perspective
  • Interactionist approach

Personality in Sport and Exercise Psychology

A study of personality as a systematic variation in the way people think, feel, and behave within sport and exercise contexts.

  • Personality
  • Disposition
  • Trait versus State
  • Big Five Model
  • Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Self-efficacy
  • Biological/Evolutionary Approach
  • Interactionist Approach
  • Risk Taking
  • Sensation Seeking
  • Competitiveness
  • Perfectionism
  • Passion
  • Mental toughness

Competitiveness and Dimensions of Perfectionism

Explores competitiveness and the distinction between personal standards perfectionism and evaluative concerns perfectionism in high-performance sport.

  • Competitiveness
  • Win orientation
  • Goal orientation
  • Perfectionism Paradox
  • Personal standards perfectionism (PSP)
  • Evaluative concerns perfectionism (ECP)
  • Perfectionistic Reactivity
  • 2 x 2 Model of Perfectionism

Psychological Theories of Sport and Exercise

Dualistic Model of Passion in Sport

The dualistic model of passion distinguishes between harmonious passion and obsessive passion in sport and exercise research, examining their adaptive and maladaptive outcomes.

  • dualistic model of passion
  • harmonious passion
  • obsessive passion
  • adaptive outcomes
  • maladaptive outcomes
  • autonomous internalization
  • controlled internalization
  • psychological state of flow
  • problem-focused coping
  • disengagement coping
  • sport performance

Understanding Mental Toughness in Sport

Mental toughness is a psychological characteristic involving positive attributes that allow elite performers to cope with stressful high-performance demands and achieve excellence.

  • Mental toughness
  • Psychological characteristics
  • Perceived control
  • Resilience
  • Emotional intelligence
  • Perseverance
  • Presence
  • Perspective
  • Preparation
  • Coping with stress and anxiety

Personality, Passion, and Mental Toughness

Examines excellencism, the distinctions between harmonious and obsessive passion, the 4C model of mental toughness, and the role of grit and personality traits in performance and exercise.

  • Excellencism
  • Harmonious Passion
  • Obsessive Passion
  • Mental Toughness
  • Generalized self-efficacy
  • Buoyancy
  • Success mindset
  • Optimistic style
  • Context knowledge
  • Emotion regulation
  • Attention regulation
  • Grit
  • Extraversion
  • Conscientiousness

Social Cognitive Theory in Sport and Exercise

Examines personal, behavioral, and environmental factors influencing behavior, particularly through constructs like self-efficacy and outcome expectations.

  • Social Cognitive Theory
  • Self-Determination Theory
  • Theory of Planned Behaviour
  • Non-Conscious Processes
  • Mindsets
  • Affective-Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and exercise
  • Observational Learning
  • Goals
  • Outcome Expectations
  • Outcome Expectancies
  • Self-Regulation
  • Behavioural Capacity
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Self-Confidence
  • Mastery Experiences
  • Vicarious experience
  • Social persuasion
  • Physiological and affective states

Motivation Theories in Sport and Exercise

Explores various motivation theories in sport and exercise, focusing on mindsets and their influence on motivation.

  • Self-Determination Theory
  • Theory of Planned Behaviour
  • Social Cognitive Theory
  • Non-Conscious Processes
  • Affective-Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and exercise
  • Mindsets
  • Fixed mindset
  • Growth mindset
  • Task goals
  • Mastery goals
  • Intrinsic motivation
  • Performance goals
  • Ego-orientation

Affective-Reflective Theory of Exercise Behavior

The Affective-Reflective Theory explains and predicts people's decisions to be active or inactive through automatic and reflective processing pathways.

  • Affective-Reflective Theory
  • Type I Processes
  • Type 2 Processes
  • Automatic affective valuations
  • Reflective evaluation
  • Action impulse
  • Action plans
  • Concordant and discordant impulses
  • Cognitive structures
  • Implementation intentions
  • Mindfulness training
  • Exercise habit

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