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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Understanding Drug Action Study Guide

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of drug regulation, ethical considerations in research, informed consent processes, and the phases of pharmaceutical development. It details the nurse's role in patient advocacy, clinical judgment, and ensuring medication safety within the healthcare system.

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Clinical Judgment and the Nursing Process

Clinical Judgment and the Nursing Process

A comparison of the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model and the nursing process used to address patient problems and drug administration.

  • Clinical Judgment Measurement Model
  • Nursing Process
  • Recognize Cues
  • Analyze Cues
  • Prioritize Hypothesis
  • Generate Solutions
  • Take Action
  • Evaluate Outcomes
  • Subjective Data
  • Objective Data
  • Patient Education
  • Medication Administration
  • Medication Reconciliation
  • Patient Problems
  • Expected Outcomes

Drug Regulation and Nursing Safety

Covers federal legislation, drug scheduling, pharmaceutical research, and nursing considerations for patient safety and teaching.

  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
  • Informed consent
  • Autonomy
  • Risk-benefit ratio
  • Preclinical trials
  • Human clinical experimentation
  • Phase I clinical development
  • Phase II clinical development
  • Phase III clinical development
  • Phase IV clinical development
  • American Nurses Association Code of Ethics
  • Drug standards
  • United States Pharmacopeia
  • FDA approval process
  • Clinical research study design

Drug Regulation and Ethical Considerations

This text covers federal legislation, drug scheduling, nursing responsibilities, and ethical considerations in drug development and research.

  • Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
  • Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
  • Drug-drug interactions

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Principles

This text explores pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including drug excretion, receptor theory, drug interactions, and the dose-response relationship.

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Drug Interactions
  • Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Dose-Response Relationship

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Nursing Interventions

Nursing interventions for assessing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, managing drug interactions, and evaluating patient adherence to therapeutic regimens.

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Drug-drug interactions
  • Patient adherence

Foundations and Clinical Uses of Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how a patient’s genetic factors influence their response to drugs to optimize therapy and decrease adverse drug reactions.

  • Pharmacogenetics
  • CYP450 enzymes
  • Drug-gene interactions

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes botanicals, nutritional products, and herbal supplements used to augment or replace traditional medical therapies.

  • Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
  • Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
  • Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs)
  • Botanicals
  • Herbal preparations
  • Drug-herb interactions
  • Asian ginseng
  • Turmeric
  • Lavender
  • Echinacea
  • Ginger
  • Ginkgo biloba

Drug Labels and Dosage Calculations

Drug Labels and Dosage Calculations

This content covers drug labels and dosage calculations using dimensional analysis, ratio and proportion, and fractional equations for intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular administration.

  • Dimensional analysis
  • Ratio and proportion
  • Fractional equations
  • Six rights of medication administration
  • Metric system conversions
  • English system conversions
  • Drug label interpretation
  • Drug reconstitution
  • Dosage based on body weight
  • Dosage based on body surface area
  • Intravenous flow rate calculation
  • Critical care drug titration

Pharmacotherapy and Drug Administration Nursing Considerations

Nursing considerations for administering enteral and parenteral drugs including tablets, capsules, liquids, nasogastric tubes, and injectable preparations.

  • Enteral administration
  • Tablets and capsules
  • Liquid medications
  • Nasogastric tube administration
  • Parenteral administration routes
  • Injectable preparations
  • Syringes, vials, and ampules
  • Drug reconstitution
  • Intravenous therapy routes

Calculating Intravenous Flow Rates

Methods for calculating intravenous flow rate in drops per minute and milliliters per hour using basic formulas, ratio and proportion, and dimensional analysis.

  • Calculating drops per minute (gtt/min)
  • Calculating milliliters per hour (mL/h)
  • Drop factor
  • Dimensional analysis
  • Ratio and proportion
  • Intravenous flow rate
  • Gravity infusion regulation

Drug Dosage and Body Surface Area Calculations

Methods for calculating drug dosages using weight conversion, dimensional analysis, and body surface area measurements via the West nomogram or square root method.

  • Weight conversion (pounds to kilograms)
  • Dimensional analysis
  • Basic formula for dosage calculation
  • Body surface area (BSA)
  • Metric system measurements
  • Household measurement calculations

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