Foundations of Nursing and the Canadian Healthcare System Study Guide
This guide explores the historical and theoretical foundations of nursing, the Canadian healthcare system's structure and principles (including the Canada Health Act), primary health care, levels of care, and the legal and ethical frameworks governing nursing practice in Canada. It also touches upon professional identity development and clinical excellence.
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Communication Theory and Nursing Processes
Communication Theory in Nursing Practice
Nurses use communication to provide personalized care, accurate assessments, informed consent, shared decision-making, effective health teaching, and collaboration with the health care team.
- Intrapersonal Communication
- Interpersonal Communication
- Transpersonal Communication
- Small Group Communication
- Public Communication
- Basic Elements of Communication
- Factors that influence Communication
Cultural Safety and Nursing Practice
Cultural Safety in Nursing Practice
This content explores the historical development of culture, cultural competence, cultural safety, and cultural humility in relation to nursing practice and social determinants of health.
- Cultural safety
- Cultural competence
- Cultural humility
- Social determinants of health
- Decolonizing approach
- Indigenous cultural orientations
- Person-centred care
- Sociopolitical context
- Historical context
- Material and economic context
- Physical context
- Bias and discrimination
- Transgender health experiences
Cultural Safety in Nursing Practice: From Competence to Decolonization
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Principles of Cultural Safety in Nursing
Providing culturally safe care involves cultural competence, cultural humility, and addressing power imbalances, inequitable social relationships, and social justice.
- Cultural safety
- Cultural competence
- Cultural humility
- Power imbalances
- Social justice
- Demeaning, Devaluing or Disempowering behaviours
- Revise, Respect, and Rights of the person
- Critical self-reflection
- Cultural identity
- Ethnohistory
- Social organization
- Socioeconomic status
- Biocultural ecology
- Language and communication
- Religion and spirituality
- Caring beliefs and practices
Cultural Safety and Indigenous History
This content explores culturally competent care, Indigenous history in Canada, and the colonial impacts of residential schools and the Indian Act.
- culturally competent care
- Indigenous Peoples in Canada
- First Nations, Inuit, and Métis
- Indigenous history and colonization
- Residential schools
- Indian Act
- intergenerational trauma
- self-determination
Course Introduction and Nursing Foundations
Introduction to Nursing and Canadian Healthcare
This course introduces the historical and theoretical foundations of nursing, the regulation of nursing as a profession, and the health care systems in Canada.
- Historical evolution of nursing in Canada
- Foundational nursing theories
- Canadian health care system structure
- Regulation of nursing as a profession
- Reflective practice
- Critical thinking
- Clinical judgement
- Evidence-informed nursing practice
- Legal and ethical foundations of nursing
- Canada Health Act
- Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA)
- Primary health care
- Professional identity
Foundations of Nursing and the Canadian Healthcare System
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Therapeutic and Nonverbal Communication Skills
Communication Theory and Therapeutic Communication
Researchers estimate meaning is transmitted through words, vocal cues, and nonverbal body cues to establish therapeutic interpersonal relationships.
- Verbal communication
- Nonverbal communication
- Vocal cues
- Denotative and connotative meaning
- Therapeutic interpersonal relationships
- Relational practice
- Active listening
- Person-centred communication
- Open-ended questions
- Eye contact
- Posture
- Gestures
- Touch
- Empathy
- Authenticity
Indigenous History, Culture, and Colonial Impacts
Indigenous Cultural Safety and Nursing Practice
This content explores decolonizing approaches, Indigenous determinants of health, and the application of cultural safety, relational practice, and humility in nursing care for Indigenous Peoples.
- Decolonization
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- Indigenous Determinants of Health
- Medicine Wheel teachings
- Holistic health
- Cultural safety
- Cultural competency
- Indigenous ways of knowing and being
- Clan governance systems
- Communication barriers
- Relational practice
- Indigenous storytelling
- Sacred medicines
Course Grading, Evaluation, and Code of Conduct
Grading Policy and Seneca Code of Conduct
This topic describes the structure and components of the Canadian healthcare system, including levels of care, models of service delivery, and the Canada Health Act.
- Canadian healthcare system structure
- Levels of care
- Models of service delivery
- Federal versus provincial/territorial government roles
- Primary health care principles
- Population health approaches
- Canada Health Act
- Public and private healthcare funding models
- Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA)
- Healthcare access and equity
Person-Centered and Professional Communication Skills
Person-Centered and Professional Communication
Person-centered communication focuses on the person, family, and support network through verbal and nonverbal behaviours to achieve health-related goals.
- Person-centered communication
- Professional communication
- Therapeutic communication
- Verbal communication
- Nonverbal communication
- Barriers to effective communication
- Building rapport
- Shared partnership
- Active listening
- Empathy
- Interpersonal boundaries
Understanding Empathy in Healthcare Communication
Relational Practice and Empathy in Healthcare
Relational practice involves actionable skills like empathy to enhance client outcomes through communication and human connection.
- Empathy
- Perspective taking
- Emotional Validation
- Relational Inquiry
- Relational Practice
- Relational Ethics
- Caring in nursing theory
- Communication skills
The Canadian Health Care System
Canadian Nursing Fundamentals and Health Equity
Readings and facts regarding Canadian nursing employment, social determinants of health, and Indigenous health equity in Canada.
- Social determinants of health
- Indigenous health equity
- Nursing in Canada
- Direct patient care
- Health inequities for Black Canadians
The Canadian Health Care System
Medicare is Canada’s publicly funded health care system providing access to medically necessary insured services through provincial and territorial health insurance plans.
- Canada Health Act (1984)
- Public administration
- Comprehensiveness
- Universality
- Portability
- Accessibility
- Health care spending
- Federal transfer payments
- Indigenous health care
- First Nations and Inuit healthcare services
- Indigenous Services Canada
Canadian Healthcare System and Ontario Services
An exploration of the evolution of the Canadian health care system, provincial government responsibilities, and OHIP coverage.
- Canadian health care system
- Northern communities healthcare
- Strengths-based approach
- Provincial and territorial government responsibilities
- Canada Health Act principles
- Health care insurance plans
- OHIP coverage
- OHIP+ eligibility
Evolution and Structure of Canadian Healthcare
This topic explores the evolution of the Canadian health care system.
- Canadian Dental Care Plan
- Professional jurisdiction
- Nursing Act, 1991
- Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA), 1991
- Canada Health Act
- Canada Health Transfer payments
- Health care spending
- Regionalization and Recentralization
- Ontario Health
- Ontario Health Teams
- Healthcare at Home
Foundations of Primary Health Care
Primary health care serves as the foundation of Canada’s health care system by providing continuity of care and emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention.
- Primary Health Care
- Primary care
- Health promotion
- Four Pillars of Primary Health Care
- Barriers to Primary Health Care
- Wholistic population approach
- Continuity of care
Settings and Levels of Healthcare Delivery
Settings for healthcare delivery include the institutional sector and community sector, categorized into five levels of health care.
- Institutional sector
- Community sector
- Hospitals
- Long-term care facilities
- Psychiatric facilities
- Rehabilitation centres
- Physician offices
- Community health centres and clinics
- Assisted living
- Home care
- Adult day support programs
- Hospice and palliative care
- Health promotion
- Disease and injury prevention
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Rehabilitation
- Supportive care
- Primary care
- Secondary care
- Tertiary care
Challenges and Future of Canadian Healthcare
Current challenges to the health care system include sustainability, political economy of health, climate change, and the need for nursing's future in the emerging health care system.
- Sustainability
- Political Economy of Health
- Climate Change
- Primary Health Care vs. Primary Care Spending
- Human Health Care Resources
- Aging Canadian Population
- Truth & Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action
- Geographical Distribution of services
- Nursing roles and leadership
- CNA Code of Ethics
- Canada Health Act
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