- The endoflagella are composed of three core proteins that are homologous to other bacterial flagellin proteins- an unrelated sheath protein.- Cardiolipin is an important component of the treponemal antigens.Hyaluronidase- T.pallidum has hialuronidase that breaks down the hyaluronic acid in the ground substance of tissue and presumably enhances the invasiveness of the organism (the virulence factor)- Natural infection with T.pallidum is limited to human host.- Human infection is usually transmitted by: sexual contact - 99%- Syphillis: The infectious lesion is on the skin or mucous membranes of genitalia → Spirochetes multiply locally at the site of entry → Spread to nearby lymph nodes → bloodstreamo Stages:1. «primary lesion», "Hard chancre", Ulcus durum. Papule develop, Patient seronegative and infectious2. «Secondary lesions», Red maculopapular rash anywhere on the body, including the hands and feet, May also be syphilitic hepatitis, nephritis, meningitis, patient seropositive and infectious1. Gummas stage (granulomatous lesions), In the skin, bones and liver, Degenerative changes in the CNS (meningovascular syphilis), Cardiovascular lesions( aortitis, aortic aneurism), patient seropositive

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