Zoology Questions

Types of Cnidae:-___: thread with toxin everted-____: elongate thread for adhesion-____: substance used to construct tube for burrowing sea anemones

All classes of cnidaria contain ____ cnidae, but only class ___ contains all three types of cnidae

There are four classes of sponges in phylum Porifera:Class ____ -- specialized cave sponge

There are four classes of sponges in phylum Porifera:Class ____ -- largest and most common class of sponge

Members of Phylum Cnidaria have ___ tissue layers (___ and ___), but ____ body layers (other layer ____)

Do all classes of Cnidaria undergo metagenesis? Which class is the exception and what form do they remain in?

___ is an intracellular structure with an everting thread or substance inside a capsule -- there are three types

____ is the "alternation of generations" for cnidarians. These members tend to alternate between a ____ polyp and a ____ medusa form. Since medusa are motile, they general produce gametes via ____. The polyp being more sessile typically reproduces ____ via mitosis.

Phylum _____________ : jellyfish, coral, hydra, anemones

Developmental Stages:_____: is the stage where the zygote undergoes rapid cleavage divisions producing this stage consisting of a solid mass of cells

Phylum _____ -- "the most primitive metazoan"

Developmental Stages:The ___ will invaginate (ie a tubular structure will grow inward) producing the primitive gut. The opening of this tube is called the _____, which depending on the animal will become the mouth or the anus. This stage and structure is the _____ with a ____. The gut is called the _____. Another name for the primitive gut is called the ____

____ is the term used to categorize the stage of development that most cells are programmed to. For instance, skin cells will activate the genes required for skin while the muscle cells will activate genes for muscle. There are two types:_____: refers to animals with relatively late differentiation. These could differentiate into two separate organisms (ie. twins) This type has spiral/radial cleavage patterns____: refers to animals with early differentiation. These rarely develop into separate organisms. If a cell does separate, it forms two halves of single organism. This type has spiral/radial cleavage patterns

Reproduction and Development:Fertilization occurs when a small ___ sperm (n) fertilizes a large, _____ egg (n), forming a diploid zygote

Fate of blastopore:Deuterostomes -- spiral/radial; indeterminate/determinate; mouth/anus develops from blastoporeProtostomes -- spiral/radial; indeterminate/determinate; mouth/anus develops from blastopore

Developmental Stages:____: the morula will undergo a process in which the solid mass of cells hollows to form this stage. The chamber or cavity is called the ____

General Sponge Morphology-Body Layers -- outer-____ and ___

General Sponge Morphology-Body Layers -- middle_____: silica and calcium carbonate____: protein that gives texture____: produce every cell in the sponge (ie. ____ for sponge)____: long, taper structural support and possible nerve function(Sponges do/don't contain a nervous system)___: key to animals success and ability to be the reefs primary filtration system

Germ Layers:____: outer layer____: inner layer____: middle layer

Phylum Porifera -- general characteristics-____ (non-motile)-___ water through a canal system-mostly ____-filled with _____ as a defense mechanism against other animals-Lacks ____; sponges can/cannot have true organs and organ systems (nervous, digestive etc..)