Pulmonology Questions

expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, non productive cough, tachypnea, tachycardia

inflammation of airway epithelium leads to loss of surface area for gas exchange

dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, dry cough, pleural friction rub on affected side, absence of breath sounds on affected side

productive cough x 3 months for 2 consecutive years in a row, dyspnea, wheezing, cyanosis, polycythemia, cor pulmonale

bacterial = cough; dyspnea, fever, chills, elevated WBC

immune activation (IgE), mast cell degranulation, and chemotactic mediators all lead to bronchial hyperresponsiveness

bacterial, virus, or fungi; risk factors - advanced age; immunocompromised; immobility; abdominal surgery

increased left arterial pressure, injury to capillary endothelium, and blockage of lymph vessels all lead to edema

history of smoking #1 cause, occupation exposure, disrupted lung growth

sudden pleural plain, tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased or absent breath sounds

allergen, irritant exposure, risk factors: obesity, GERD, chronic viral infection

inhalation/aspiration of microorganism leads to macrophages ingest and remove debris

dyspnea, diminished breathe sounds, productive cough, fever, leukocytosis

dyspnea at rest, anxiety, inspiratory crackles, tachycardia, disorientation, confusion, pink frothy sputum

destruction of airway, hypoventilation from pain, inadequate surfactant production, compression of the lungs or bronchi

left sided heart failure #1 cause, capillary endothelium injury, lymph vessel blockage

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration?

Your patient is a 55 year old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liter per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough and a respiratory of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?

In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question?

The oxygen flow rate for a nasa cannula should not exceed ______ liters per minute.