Physical Chemistry Questions
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The neutralization of an acid by adding an equal number of moles of a base always results in a solution at pH 7
Reaction quotients, like equilibrium constants, only change due to temperature
The reaction stops when equilibrium is reached
For polyprotic acids, the first deprotonation reaction has a greater effect on the solution's pH than the second deprotonation
A Lewis acid is a Bronsted base, and a Lewis base is a Bronsted acid
The weaker the conjugate acid of a base, the stronger the base
The second law of thermodynamics says that all spontaneous processes involve an increase in entropy
A pH change from 4 to 5 indicates that the concentration of hydronium ions has doubled in the solution
Autoprotolysis means that even in very pure water, there are hydronium and hydroxide ions
If one starts with a higher pressure of reactants, the equilibrium constant will be higher
For a system maintained at constant pressure, the heat that leaves or enters the system is the change in enthalpy so change(H) = q
Buffer solutions are made by mixing strong acids with strong bases
The larger an acid's Ka, the stronger the acid
Unlike enthalpy, in some cases, we can know the total entropy of a material
Autoprotolysis does not need to be considered in pH calculations when the acids are very dilute
The third law of thermodynamics says that entropy goes to zero for perfect crystals as the temperature approaches absolute zero
Nuclear fission is currently used in power plants: nuclear fusion is not
If a piston compresses a gas in a system, and nothing else is occurring, the change in internal energy (U) of the system is negative
Different types of radiation have different effects on living tissue
Hess's Law states that the coefficients of a chemical reaction must be the same to add the reactions to find enthalpy