Latin Preguntas

Once considered relatively unusual, military rule became much more common over the past 50 years, particularly in:a. Latin America and Eastern Europe.b. Africa and Latin America.c. Eastern Europe and Africa.d. East Asia and Latin America.e. Africa and East Asia.

A system wherein authoritarian regimes sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the public (and restrict unsanctioned ones) is known as:a. neocorporatism. d. rent-seeking.b. corporatism. e. kickbacks.c. clientelism.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the "resource trap" theory?a. Abundant resources often free those in power from the need to tax the people.b. The act of heavy taxation in resource-rich countries inspires resentment by the people, which in turn forces authoritarian crackdowns.c. Relatively few resource-rich countries have remained or become undemocratic.d. The portability of natural resources contributes to the desire of elites to hang on to power.e. Abundant natural resources in a country are typically tied to ideological or religious rule, which encourages undemocratic governing structures.

A system in which states co-opt members of the public by providing specific benefits to a person in return for public support is:a. neocorporatism. d. rent-seeking.b. corporatism. e. kickbacks.c. clientelism.

Which of the following statements about one-party rule is accurate?a. It forces party membership on nearly all citizens.b. It is often combined with a corporatist regime.c. It typically prevents the development of extreme forms of rule like totalitarianism.d. It is most often associated with theocracy.e. Single-party influence is rarely able to penetrate very far down into society.

Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union is mostly associated with which of the following concepts?a. patrimonialism d. personality cultb. rational-legal legitimacy e. theocracyc. bureaucratic authoritarianism

Purges are an example of:a. co-optation. d. a resource trap.b. coercion. e. corporatism.c. patronage.

Country X holds regular elections for a legislature, though most of its citizens have little faith in the validity of the results. Its powerful military operates largely outside of the control of the government, but it does not control the actions of the government. The government executive wields enormous power, but there is also a judiciary that occasionally rules on constitutional matters. A number of political parties compete with each other, but the government regularly restricts their campaigning activities. Based on this description, in which category could Country X most reliably be placed?a. patrimonial regime d. clientist regimeb. hybrid regime e. corporatist regimec. military rule

Countries that appear to have many of the trappings of democracy but restrict the democratic process to a great degree are known as:a. illiberal or hybrid regimes. d. democratic tyrannies.b. crypto-democracies. e. demarches.c. subdemocracies.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between civil society and nondemocratic regimes?a. Civil society always promotes democracy and opposes nondemocratic rule.b. Elimination of civil society by nondemocratic regimes can sometimes encourage populist ideology.c. Nondemocratic regimes often seek to empower and expand civil society.d. Nondemocratic regimes wield such power that civil society is irrelevant.e. Nondemocratic regimes attempt to eliminate the idea of the state as an arena for social organization.

Bureaucratic authoritarianism typically relies on the close cooperation of which groups?a. the military and the state bureaucracyb. the state bureaucracy and organized laborc. the military and organized labord. the state bureaucracy and the legislaturee. the judiciary and the military

Which of the following best characterizes the "Asian values" argument?a. Asia has cultural and religious traditions that encourage conformity and obedience, making it less receptive to democracy.b. Asia has cultural and religious traditions that encourage individualism and free expression, making it more receptive to democracy.c. Asian cultural and religious traditions encourage a brand of authoritarianism that tends to be more personalistic.d. Asian cultural and religious traditions lead to authoritarian regimes that are typically less violent.e. Asian values tend to discourage the formation of a middle class, which restricts democratic institutions.

Which of the following would be an example of rent-seeking?a. arresting opponents of those in power, but not killing themb. providing cash payments to influential industry leaders in return for political supportc. giving control of a nationalized industry to supporters of those in powerd. power sharing between labor and the military in a nondemocratic regimee. nationalizing a previously private utility and keeping it under tight state control

When a system in which individuals outside an organization are brought into a beneficial relationship with it, making them dependent on the regime for certain rewards, it is known as:a. co-optation. d. acculturation.b. integration. e. verticality.c. dependency.

Which of the following characteristics is an illiberal regime likely to have in common with a democratic one?a. Parties are restricted in their ability to compete, but the military is firmly under civilian control.b. Referenda are used rarely and are limited in their ability to affect policy.c. The executive is weaker than other institutions.d. The executive, legislature, and judiciary are established and have their respective arenas of authority.e. A strong rule of law is in place.

Nondemocratic regimes are best defined as political systems wherein:a. a small group of individuals exercises power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public.b. a small group of individuals exercises power but remains constitutionally responsible to the public.c. one person is elected by the state and then wields unlimited power.d. the military controls all political decisions.e. power is held by a single political party.

Which of the following examples can be described as totalitarian?a. the Soviet Union under Stalinb. Iraq under Saddam Husseinc. the Soviet Union under Gorbachevd. Saudi Arabia under the Saud familye. China during the 1960s under Mao

As a political system, totalitarianism is:a. common.b. rare.c. common only in Latin America.d. common only in Africa.e. a force that has been growing in power since the end of the Cold War.

Which of the following represents a challenge to the behavioral revolution's assertion about the relationship between nondemocratic rule and modernization?a. One cannot find countries where capitalism and authoritarianism exist simultaneously.b. Authoritarianism can be found only alongside capitalism.c. Modernization's disruptive process can lead to nondemocratic rule.d. Many wealthy countries in the world are nondemocratic.e. The presence of a strong middle class has proven to be a key component of modernization.

Which medical term is spelled correctly?