Developmental Psychology Questions

Which of the following statements describes the appropriate level of physical activity for pregnant women?

6.1-6.2 Developmental research on the formation of attachment indicates that a child's secure attachment to its mother during infancy is predictive of which of the following during its toddler years?A) social rejectionB) implosive behavior C) social competence D) divergent thinkingE) shyness

6.1-6.2 Mr. and Mrs. Stanley are very strict with their children. They do not spend a lot of time talking with them, except to tell them what to do. Which of the following theorists would be most likely to study this type of parenting behavior?A) Albert Bandura B) Konrad LorenzC) Harry Harlow D) Mary Ainsworth E) Diana Baumrind

6.1-6.2 In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry-cloth "mother" and a wire "mother"), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeysA) were more likely to become aggressive toward the wire mother than toward the Terry-cloth motherB) failed to seek out either of the mothers because of their lack of experiences in seeking contact comfort C) preferred the wire mother, even when the Terry-cloth mother had the nursing bottleD) preferred the Terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottleE) would run and cling to whichever mother had the nursing bottle

6.1-6.2 The concept of habituation is best exemplified by which of the following situations?A) an infant recognizes her father's voice B) a college student is no longer kept awake by her roommates late-night typingC) a kitten avoids a couch after being reprimanded for sitting on itD) a rat learns to press a bar for food when a red light is flashedE) a motorist drives at the speed limit when there is a police officer in sight on the highway

6.4-6.6 A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson's stage of development?A) Industry vs. InferiorityB) Identity vs. role confusionC) Autonomy vs. shame and doubtD) Integrity vs. despairE) Trust vs. mistrust

6.3 Fekru knows that when his teacher pours water from a small, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, the amount of water remains the same even though the tall, thin glass looks like it has more water. Which of the following theories best explains Fekru's ability?A) Jean Piaget's theory of conservation B) Lev Vygotsky's theory of zone of proximal development C) B. F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning D) Ivan Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning E) Albert Bandura's theory of social learning

6.7 Which of the following is true about gender roles in children?A) children often develop traditional gender roles despite parents discouragement of such rolesB) children are often confused about gender roles when parents discourage them to avoid traditional gender rolesC) children often do not develop gender roles that are similar to those held in their societyD) children most often do not develop specific gender rolesE) research indicates there is a large biological basis for gender roles

6.4-6.6 Marion is about to turn 102. The death-deferral theory would predict that A) her healthy diet will defer death for a longer period of timeB) her daily walk will defer death for a longer period of timeC) she is less likely to die immediately before her birthdayD) she will defer her death if she is surrounded by loved onesE) she will be less likely to die if she has good health care

6.4-6.6 In trying to replicate Lawrence Kohlberg's research, several college psychology students observed four-year-olds in five prekindergarten classes. Their observations most likely indicated that these children wereA) preconventional B) preoperational C) conventional D) postconventionalE) postformal

6.7 Gender stereotypes are developed as a result of A) societal norms and other environmental factors B) heredity and other biological factors C) both environmental and biological factors D) the developmental of gender identityE) the development of gender constancy

6.7 Sexual orientation is most likely developed as a result ofA) parenting styleB) gender identityC) the overgeneralization society makes about people of different genders D) a combination of genetics, prenatal hormones, and social influences E) a combination of developmental norms, socialization, and gender constancy

6.4-6.6 Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille's behavior?A) Erik EriksonB) Lawrence KohlbergC) Carol GilliganD) Sigmund FreudE) B. F. Skinne

6.3 Which of the following behaviors is most clearly associated with Jean Piaget's concrete operational stage?A) Sally thinks everyone's favorite color is blue, because it is her favorite color.B) Tom received the highest grade in his philosophy course.C) Gracie forgets about her toy because it is under her blanket.D) Nikos can consider both the height and width of a container.E) Ava does not like being around unfamiliar people.

6.3 ekru knows that when his teacher pours water from a small, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, the amount of water remains the same even though the tall, thin glass looks like it has more water. Which of the following theories best explains Fekru's ability?A) sensorimotor B) preoperational C) symbolic D) concrete operational E) formal operational

6.3 Jerry is not able to tie his shoes on his own, but he is able to tie his shoes with the help of his father. Which of the following theories best explains the interaction between Jerry and his father?A) Mary Ainsworth's theory of attachment, because it focuses on whether a child has a secure or insecure attachmentB) Lev Vygotsky's social learning theory, because it focuses on whether a child has a secure insecure attachmentC) Lev Vygotsky's social learning theory, because it includes the concept of zone of proximal developmentD) Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, because it includes the concept of zone of proximal developmentE) Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, because it includes the concept of the Oedipal complex

6.3 Understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view is calledA) mental representationB) deep structure C) a schema D) object permanenceE) assimilation

6.4-6.6 Carol Gilligan's critique of Lawerence Kohlberg's stages of moral development focuses primarily on A) the order in which stages of moral development occurB) the key events that mark the transitions between stages of moral development C) the number of stages in moral development D) how the cause of moral development might be altered within certain cultures E) differences between males and females in the course of moral development

6.4-6.6 Carol Gilligan was critical of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. What is the basis of her critique?A) His conclusions applied only to women.B) Kohlberg should have used surveys rather than interviews.C) A psychological study can never be replicated.D) Two researchers cannot replicate the same study and get the same findings.E) A researcher cannot generalize across populations findings from one group of people.

6.3 A young child shown a nine-inch round bowl and a six-inch round bowl containing equal amounts of popcorn says he is certain the smaller bowl has more popcorn than the larger bowl. This child has yet to acquire what Jean Piaget calledA) object permanence B) equilibrium C) functional fixedness D) conservation E) circular reactions