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Which of the following explains the unidirectional propagation of action potentials?a. The voltage dependence of the sodium channelsb. The voltage dependence of the potassium channelsc. The presence of a refractory period at a location where an action potential has just passedd. Sufficient "leakiness" of the axons, such that backward propagation of action potentials is preventede. The polarized orientation of microtubules within the axon
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- Ions are unequally distributed across the plasma membrane of all cells. This ion distribution creates an electrical potential difference across the membrane. What is the name given to this potential difference?
- The mode of action potential propagation along myelinated axons is calleda. salutatory.b. scleorid.c. oligodendroid.d. ranvierian.e. hyperian.
- Which of the following statements about myelination is false?a. Myelin sheaths are created by glial cells.b. Myelin serves to sharply increase the time constant of the axon.c. Multiple layers of closely opposed glial membranes wrap the axon and serve as an electrical insulator.d. Myelin is absent at the nodes of Ranvier.e. Sodium and potassium channels are clustered at the nodes of Ranvier.