Biological Anthropology أسئلة

The circumstances in which two species with very different evolutionary histories develop similar physical features as a result of adapting to a similar environment is known as aA) HomologyB) AnalogyC) Natural selectionD) Descent with modification

The form of vision in binocular animals which produces depth perception is known as:A) DualB) RetrovisionC) Three-dimensionalD) Stereoscopic vision

The subfield of evolutionary studies that devoes attention to short-term evolutionary changes isA) MacroevolutionB) MicroevolutionC) Modern synthesisD) Natural selection

The reproductive community of population that occupies a specific niche is a A) Breeding groupB) GenusC) PopulationD) Species

Which of the following has NOT been offered as an explanation for the anatomical attributes of the earliest primates?A) Life in the treesB) Feeding at night on insects at the ends of branches in the lower levels of the tropical forestC) Switching from insect predation to consumption of edible plant partsD) Life on the ground

Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of primates?A) Stereoscopic visionB) Presence of nails rather than claws on at least some digitsC) Opposable thumbs and great toesD) Pads at the tips of fingers and toes that are rich in nerve endings

Which of the following is an example of genetic driftA) The bottleneck effectB) The founder effectC) The mutation effectD) Both A and B

When human beings move into a new area that seems too cold for them, they can wear clothing, build shelters, or cluster around a fire. These activities can be calledA) AdaptationB) Environmental stressC) PlasticityD) Pleiotropy

Which of the following cultural practices have shaped the levels of pigmentation in human populationA) Wearing clothingB) Using sun blockC) Eating a vitamin D-rich dietD) All of the above

Denial of the existence of biological raceA) Is NOT to deny the existence of human biological or genetic diversityB) Is to deny that the pattern of human diversity can be usefully sorted into just a handful of mutually exclusive categoriesC) Resulted from the recognition that human variation does not come in neat devisionsD) All of the above

The subfield of evolutionary studies that focuses on long-term evolutionary changes isA) MacroevolutionB) MicroevolutionC) Modern synthesisD) Natural selection

The field that focuses on the study of short-term evolutionary change in a given species is known asA) GeneticsB) MacrogeneticsC) MicrogeneticsD) Population genetics

Some observers attribute human-like feelings and attitudes to nonhuman primates because these primate closely resemble human beings in outward physical appearance. This practice is calledA) AnthropocentrismB) AnthropomorphismC) EgocentrismD) Ethnocentrism

The term used in textbook for physical shape and size of an organism or its body parts is itsA) SizeB) MorphologyC) ShapeD) Taxonomy

Which of the following is an example of acclimatization?A) shiveringB) Incrased lung capacity in people raised at high altitudesC) Increased male baldness in northern climatesD) Both A and B

For punctuationists, the "motor" of speciation isA) Drastic environmental changeB) Changing gene frequenciesC) An accumulation of mutation and other changes leading to the emergence of a new speciesD) All of the above

There is increasing evidence that the genetic changes that underlie speciation may be based onA) Accumulated small changes in gene frequenciesB) Mutations in regulatory genes that govern the timing of interrelated biological processesC) Radical transformations of the genetic codeD) The need to adapt to dramatically changing environments

A process in which natural selection is seen to operate among variant, related species within a single genus, family or order, is calledA) Species selectionB) Gradualist transformationC) Reverse speciationD) All of the above

Today, many biologists and anthropologists agree that the most intense selection pressures our species faces come fromA) The extinctions of other speciesB) Global climate changeC) Disease organisms that target the immune systemD) Radiation from outer space

The process by which a single species give rise to a variety of descendent species over time is calledA) AnagenesisB) CladogensisC) Phyletic gradualismD) Punctuated equilibrium