Vamos explorar os fundamentos da interpretação jurídica segundo Hans Kelsen.O direito se organiza em uma estrutura hierárquica, onde cada nível superior determina a criação e aplicação do nível inferior.A interpretação jurídica acompanha o movimento do direito de um escalão superior para um escalão inferior.Este processo envolve três elementos fundamentais: interpretação, aplicação e criação do direito.A interpretação jurídica é um processo intelectual essencial que acompanha toda aplicação do direito.Este processo segue a estrutura hierárquica do direito, movendo-se sempre dos níveis superiores para os inferiores.Uma característica fundamental é que cada ato jurídico é simultaneamente um ato de aplicação do direito superior e de criação do direito inferior.Por exemplo, quando um juiz aplica uma lei a um caso concreto, ele está simultaneamente interpretando a norma superior e criando uma nova norma individual.According to Kelsen, a superior norm determines both the process of creating inferior norms and their content.The superior norm establishes two key aspects: the process of creation and the content of the inferior norm.However, Kelsen recognizes that legal interpretation inevitably involves indeterminacy, which can arise from multiple sources.The first source is the inherent ambiguity of words used in legal texts.Another source is the potential discrepancy between the legislative intent and the actual text of the law.Finally, a single legal provision can often support multiple valid interpretations.Let's examine a concrete example of word ambiguity in legal interpretation.Consider the word 'vehicle' in a law prohibiting vehicles in a park.This single word could refer to cars, bicycles, skateboards, or even horse carriages, creating interpretive uncertainty.This indeterminacy in legal interpretation is not a flaw, but rather an inherent characteristic of the legal system.Kelsen identifica dois tipos principais de interpretação jurídica.A interpretação autêntica é realizada pelos órgãos jurídicos que aplicam o direito.Por outro lado, a interpretação não-autêntica é realizada pela ciência jurídica.Vamos ver exemplos práticos de cada tipo de interpretação.A interpretação autêntica tem o poder de criar direito novo, podendo até mesmo ir além da moldura normativa original.Enquanto a interpretação não-autêntica se limita a descrever as possibilidades interpretativas, sem criar direito novo.Estas diferenças fundamentais determinam o papel e o alcance de cada tipo de interpretação no sistema jurídico.Traditional legal interpretation methods claim there is only one correct interpretation of any legal text.They assume an objective meaning exists that can be scientifically discovered, leading to absolute legal certainty.Kelsen fundamentally challenges this view, arguing that multiple valid interpretations are possible within a frame of possibilities.He introduces the concept of a frame of possibilities, where multiple interpretations can coexist as equally valid options.Kelsen reveals that the idea of a single correct interpretation is actually a fiction, created to maintain the illusion of legal certainty.From the perspective of positive law, there are no objective criteria to prefer one interpretation over another within the legal frame.The choice between possible interpretations is ultimately a political act, not a scientific determination.Legal science serves as an objective framework for understanding the law.Its primary role is to identify and establish the possible interpretations of legal norms.As an objective discipline, legal science must maintain a neutral stance, focusing on identifying all valid interpretative possibilities.However, legal science has a fundamental limitation: it cannot and should not choose between these possible interpretations.The actual choice between interpretations is not a matter of scientific knowledge, but rather an act of will by the legal authority applying the law.This separation between scientific understanding and practical decision-making is crucial for maintaining the objectivity of legal science.To summarize the role of legal science in interpretation: it provides objective analysis, identifies possible interpretations, but cannot make final interpretative choices, as these decisions are acts of will rather than scientific knowledge.This concludes our exploration of Kelsen's theory of legal interpretation and the role of legal science.
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