DNA replication begins with the separation of the double helix.The enzyme helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases.As helicase moves along the DNA, it creates a Y-shaped structure called the replication fork.SSB proteins, or Single Strand Binding proteins, attach to the separated strands.These proteins prevent the DNA strands from rejoining and keep them stable for the next steps of replication.This Y-shaped structure is now ready for DNA synthesis to begin.La enzima primasa es fundamental para iniciar la replicación del ADN.Esta enzima especializada sintetiza pequeños fragmentos de ARN llamados cebadores.Los cebadores son secuencias cortas de ARN que proporcionan el extremo tres prima libre necesario.Veamos en detalle cómo el cebador se une a la cadena molde mediante enlaces de hidrógeno.Los cebadores se colocan en múltiples puntos a lo largo de la cadena molde, especialmente en la cadena rezagada.El extremo tres prima del cebador proporciona el punto de inicio para que la ADN polimerasa comience la síntesis.Con los cebadores en su lugar, todo está listo para la síntesis de la nueva cadena de ADN.DNA Polymerase III is the main enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis during replication.The enzyme adds nucleotides in a five prime to three prime direction, matching complementary bases to the template strand.The enzyme has proofreading capability, allowing it to detect and correct any errors during synthesis.The synthesis of the leading strand is continuous and efficient, proceeding in the same direction as the replication fork movement.En la cadena rezagada, la síntesis del ADN ocurre de manera discontinua.La síntesis se realiza en segmentos cortos llamados fragmentos de Okazaki.La longitud de los fragmentos de Okazaki varía entre organismos.En bacterias, los fragmentos tienen entre mil y dos mil nucleótidos de longitud.Mientras que en eucariotas, son más cortos, entre cien y doscientos nucleótidos.
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