Immediately after depolarization, sodium channels become inactivated while potassium channels open.Potassium ions rapidly exit the cell through their channels, restoring the internal negative charge.This process of repolarization returns the membrane potential to its resting state of negative 70 millivolts.During this phase, the sodium channels remain inactivated while potassium channels are open.This period, known as the refractory period, prevents the neuron from generating a new action potential immediately.The refractory period ensures the unidirectional propagation of the action potential along the axon.El potencial de acción se propaga a lo largo del axón como una onda de despolarización.En axones mielinizados, la conducción es saltatoria, saltando entre los nodos de Ranvier.Esta conducción saltatoria aumenta significativamente la velocidad de transmisión del impulso nervioso.Al llegar al terminal axónico, el potencial de acción desencadena la liberación de neurotransmisores.Los neurotransmisores son liberados en la hendidura sináptica y se unen a receptores en la neurona postsináptica.La unión de neurotransmisores a los receptores puede iniciar un nuevo potencial de acción en la neurona postsináptica.
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