كيف يهاجم الجهاز المناعي خلايا بيتا في البنكرياس؟ (رسوم متحركة)

The development of Type 1 Diabetes begins in the pancreas, where specialized cells called beta cells are located.These beta cells are responsible for producing insulin, a crucial hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.In Type 1 Diabetes, the immune system, which normally protects us from harmful invaders, makes a critical mistake.The immune system incorrectly identifies these healthy beta cells as foreign or harmful cells that need to be eliminated.In response, the immune system sends T cells and B cells to target these healthy beta cells.These immune cells begin to surround and target the beta cells, marking the beginning of an autoimmune response.This mistaken identification triggers a complex immune response that will lead to the destruction of beta cells.The immune cells begin releasing chemical signals called cytokines.These cytokines attract more immune cells to the area.T cells directly attack the beta cells.Meanwhile, B cells produce antibodies that mark beta cells for destruction.These antibodies attach to beta cells, marking them as targets.This process is known as inflammation of the Islets of Langerhans.As this immune attack continues, it leads to progressive destruction of beta cells.As the immune attack continues, beta cells in the pancreas begin to die gradually.When only ten to twenty percent of beta cells remain, the body can no longer produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels.This leads to elevated blood glucose levels, marking the onset of Type 1 Diabetes.At this stage, the remaining beta cells cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar effectively.