Volcanoes release various types of gases during their activity.The most abundant gas emitted is water vapor, making up sixty to seventy percent of all volcanic gases.Carbon dioxide is the second most common gas, comprising ten to twenty percent of emissions.Let's examine the composition of volcanic gases more closely.Water vapor appears as H₂O molecules, with one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.Carbon dioxide molecules consist of one carbon atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms.These gases behave differently when released. Water vapor tends to rise and form visible clouds, while carbon dioxide, being heavier than air, can accumulate in low-lying areas.Now that we understand the main volcanic gases, let's examine some of their more dangerous components.Sulfur dioxide at hydrogen sulfide ay dalawang mapanganib na gas na inilalabas ng mga bulkan.Ang sulfur dioxide o SO2 ay isang mapanganib na gas na may kakayahang bumuo ng acid rain.Kapag nahalo ang SO2 sa tubig-ulan, ito ay nagiging asido na nakakasira sa kapaligiran.Ang hydrogen sulfide o H2S naman ay kilala sa amoy nito na katulad ng bulok na itlog.Ang H2S ay lubhang nakakalason kapag nalanghap sa mataas na konsentrasyon. Sa one thousand parts per million, ito ay nakamamatay sa loob ng ilang minuto.Volcanoes release several other important gases through their vents and fumaroles.These gases include hydrogen and nitrogen, which are relatively simple molecules.Carbon monoxide is another significant gas released, though in smaller quantities.These gases escape through cracks and openings called fumaroles.There are also trace amounts of other gases, including chlorine, argon, and helium.Let's look at the typical amounts of these volcanic gases.These gases continue to be released as long as the volcano remains active.Ang mga volcanic gas ay may malaking epekto sa klima at kapaligiran.Kapag umabot ang sulfur dioxide o SO2 sa stratosphere, ito ay nakakabawas sa temperatura ng mundo.Ang carbon dioxide naman ay greenhouse gas na nakakaambag sa global warming.Ang mga greenhouse gas ay humaharang sa init na galing sa araw, na nagdudulot ng pag-init ng mundo.Subalit, mas maliit ang kontribusyon ng mga bulkan sa carbon dioxide emissions kumpara sa mga gawain ng tao.Ang mga bulkan ay naglalabas lamang ng dalawang porsyento ng kabuuang carbon dioxide sa atmospera, habang ang mga gawain ng tao ay naglalabas ng siyamnapu't walong porsyento.Mga siyentipiko ay gumagamit ng mga modernong instrumento para sa pagsubaybay ng volcanic gases.Ang mga sensor ay patuloy na sumusukat ng iba't ibang uri ng gas at iba pang datos.May iba't ibang pamamaraan ng pagsukat, kabilang ang COSPEC, DOAS, at MultiGAS analyzers.Ang mga pagbabago sa antas ng gas ay maaaring magpahiwatig ng nalalapit na volcanic activity.Ang sistema ay may iba't ibang antas ng babala batay sa nasusukat na datos.Ang tumpak na pagsubaybay ay mahalaga para sa kaligtasan ng mga komunidad na malapit sa bulkan.
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