Video explicativo de POO en Java

Bienvenidos a los fundamentos de la Programación Orientada a Objetos en Java.La Programación Orientada a Objetos es un paradigma que organiza el código en objetos que contienen tanto datos como comportamientos.En Java, todo se organiza en clases, que son plantillas para crear objetos. Veamos un ejemplo con una clase Coche.Una clase define atributos, que son las características del objeto, como marca, color y velocidad.También define métodos, que son los comportamientos que puede realizar el objeto, como arrancar, frenar y acelerar.Veamos cómo se implementa esta clase en código Java.El constructor es un método especial que se llama cuando creamos un nuevo objeto. Inicializa los atributos con valores iniciales.Para crear un objeto de la clase Coche, usamos la palabra clave new y llamamos al constructor.Esto crea una nueva instancia de Coche con los valores específicos que proporcionamos.Estos son los fundamentos básicos de la Programación Orientada a Objetos en Java.Encapsulation protects data by making it private and only accessible through methods.Notice how the balance is private, and can only be modified through the deposit method.Inheritance allows us to create new classes based on existing ones, promoting code reuse.The Car class inherits from Vehicle, extending its functionality while maintaining the base features.Polymorphism allows different classes to implement the same interface in their own way.Both Circle and Rectangle implement the Shape interface, but calculate their areas differently.Abstraction simplifies complex systems by hiding implementation details.The abstract DatabaseConnection class defines a template for database operations, while specific implementations handle the details.Now let's implement a practical employee management system using object-oriented principles.We start with an abstract Employee class that defines common attributes and behaviors.Notice how we use private fields for data encapsulation and an abstract method for salary calculation.From our base Employee class, we create two specialized types: Manager and Salesperson.The Manager class extends Employee and includes additional attributes like department and bonus.Notice how the Manager implements the abstract calcSalary method with its own bonus logic.Similarly, the Salesperson class has its own implementation with commission-based calculations.The Salesperson's salary calculation includes both base salary and commission from sales.Let's see how to use these classes in a main method.We can create instances of both Manager and Salesperson, and call their respective methods polymorphically.Let's review the key points of our implementation.We used abstract classes to define common structure, inheritance for code reuse, polymorphism for flexible calculations, and encapsulation to protect data.This practical example demonstrates how object-oriented principles work together in a real system.