Understanding Variation and Errors in Laboratory Testing Study Guide
This guide explains the concepts of biological and analytical variation in laboratory testing. It details the request-test-report cycle and identifies potential error points: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. The guide also covers how accuracy and precision are measured using the Coefficient of Variation (CV), and how reference ranges are established and influenced by various factors. Finally, it discusses quality control measures, including Calibrators, Controls, and Westgard Rul
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Introduction to Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Introduction to Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
An introduction to laboratory medicine covering pathology basic principles, types of pathology tests, and the role of laboratory results in clinical decisions.
- Biological/Analytical variation
- Reference Intervals
- Request Cycle
- QC/QA/QS
- Assay performance
- Systematic and random analytical error
- Histopathology
- Cytopathology
- Haematology
- Virology
- Immunology
- Chemical Pathology
- Forensic Pathology
Introduction to Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
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Sources of Variation and Error Management
Sources of Variation and Reference Ranges
This content explores biological and analytical variation, sources of error, and the determination of reference intervals for physiologic measurements.
- Biological variation
- Analytical variation
- Pre-analytical error
- Analytical error
- Post-analytical error
- Coefficient of Variation
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Intraindividual variation
- Interindividual variation
- Reference ranges
- Standard deviation
- Request-Test-Report Cycle
Understanding Variation and Errors in Laboratory Testing
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Pathology Laboratory Testing and Error Management
The pathology request cycle involves specimen management processes including collection, transport, analytical processing, and reporting of test results.
- Pathology request cycle
- Specimen management processes
- Pre-analytical errors
- Analytical errors
- Post-analytical errors
- Random error
- Systematic error
- Result interpretation
- Biological variation
Pathology Quality Control and Westgard Rules
- Calibrators
- Quality Control
- Quality Assurance
- Quality Systems
- External Accreditation
- Proficiency testing
- Westgard Rules
- Mean
- Standard Deviation
- Control Limits
- Control chart
- Analytical run
Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
Mechanisms of Cell Injury and Adaptation
Cells undergo adaptation, reversible injury, or irreversible injury resulting in necrosis or apoptosis due to various stressors.
- Cellular adaptation
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
- Cell injury
- Necrosis
- Apoptosis
- Hypoxia
- Free radical damage
- Lipid peroxidation
- ATP depletion
- Intracellular accumulations
- Mitochondria
- Pathologic calcification
- Cellular aging
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