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Understanding Stress, Strain, and Material Properties in Orthotics and Prosthetics Study Guide

Understanding Stress, Strain, and Material Properties in Orthotics and Prosthetics

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Introduction to Orthotics and Prosthetics Materials

Materials and Fabrication in Orthotics and Prosthetics

An introduction to the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in the design, selection, and fabrication of orthotic and prosthetic devices.

  • physical and mechanical properties of materials
  • stress and strain
  • tensile, compressive, shear, and flexural stress
  • material performance criteria
  • durometer as a measure of hardness
  • types of plastics for orthotics and prosthetics
  • fasteners and adhesives
  • laminated composites and layup processes
  • alginate for socket reproduction

Common Medical Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms

Common Medical Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms

A reference guide covering medical prefixes, suffixes, combining forms, and terms related to organs, structures, and diseases.

  • Common medical prefixes for negation, position, quantity, and time
  • Symptomatic suffixes describing evidence of illness
  • Diagnostic suffixes describing conditions or diseases
  • Surgical suffixes for procedures and repairs
  • Combining forms for colors and substances
  • Combining forms for organs and structures
  • Combining forms for disease and pathology

Types and Characteristics of Plastic

Thermoplastics, Material Properties, and Prosthetic Liners

Thermoplastics, Stress, and Material Properties

This topic defines terminology related to applied forces and material properties, differentiating properties of various plastics used in orthotics and prosthetics.

  • Stress
  • Strain
  • Strength
  • Elastic Deformation
  • Plastic Deformation
  • Young's Modulus
  • Yield Stress
  • Ultimate Stress
  • Tensile Stress
  • Compressive Stress
  • Shear Stress
  • Flexural Stress
  • Torsional Stress
  • Creep

Prosthetic Liner Materials and Characteristics

Prosthetic liners serve as an interface that protects skin, provides comfort, and may connect the prosthesis to the user through various material types.

  • Prosthetic liner purpose
  • Silicone characteristics
  • Polyurethane flow characteristics
  • Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)
  • Material response to load and shear force
  • Liner variations and components

Vacuum Forming Procedures and Troubleshooting

Vacuum Forming Fabrication Troubleshooting and Considerations

An overview of vacuum forming optimization, procedural issues, and material considerations in clinical thermoplastic fabrication.

  • Vacuum forming optimization
  • Thermoplastic materials
  • Drape forming
  • Blister forming
  • Glass transition temperature (Tg)
  • Thermal shock
  • Depth of draw
  • Procedural issues
  • Material issues
  • On-site vs. Central fabrication

Adhesives, Chemicals, and Fasteners in O&P

Adhesives, Chemicals, and Fasteners in O&P

This presentation explains the basic uses, properties, and safety precautions for common adhesives, solvents, and fasteners used in O&P.

  • Adhesive properties
  • Solvent uses
  • Fastener types
  • Rivet components
  • MSDS documentation
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Toluene toxicology
  • Acetone safety
  • Epoxy Acrylic Resin
  • Chemical interactions
  • Device cleaning instructions
  • Plaster and Gypsum
  • Fiberglass Casting Tape
  • Alginate
  • Duplicating Plastic
  • Masters All-purpose cement
  • 3M Adhesive Spray
  • Clear pressure tape
  • Double sided tape

Selection and Application of Fasteners

Selection criteria for bonding agents or fasteners including screws, bolts, rivets, and thread locking fluid.

  • Selection criteria for bonding agents or fasteners
  • Chicago screws
  • Metric vs. U.S. standard threads
  • Thread locking fluid
  • Copper rivets
  • Speedy rivets
  • Quick lock plastic fastener
  • Shear loads vs. tension loads
  • Torque

Differential Diagnosis and Psychological Coping

Psychology and Neurological Pathology Review

Review of neurological pathologies, spinal cord injury impairment scales, and psychological coping models in clinical practice.

  • Neurological pathologies
  • Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
  • ASIA Impairment Scale
  • Dermatomes
  • Myotomes
  • Sacral sparing
  • Dual-Process Model of Coping
  • Loss Orientation
  • Restoration Orientation
  • Stroke recovery and synergy patterns
  • Burnout
  • Compassion Fatigue

Laminations Materials, Properties, and Techniques

Laminations Materials and Terminology Review

A review of materials terminology, composite properties, and lamination processes for prosthetic sockets and orthotic devices.

  • Stress
  • Strain
  • Bending stress
  • Young's modulus
  • Yield stress
  • Ultimate tensile strength
  • Durometer
  • Compressive creep
  • Compression set recovery
  • Brittleness and ductility
  • Matrix
  • Fibers
  • Composite
  • Anisotropic
  • Layup or stacking sequence
  • Delamination
  • K levels
  • One stage and two stage lamination
  • Distal attachment types

Thermoplastic Fabrication and Orthotic Foam Applications

Characteristics and Applications of Orthotic Foams

Categorize foams by chemical makeup, cell structure, and practical application using descriptors like durometer, density, and thermoformability.

  • Cell structure (Open vs. Closed)
  • Durometer (Shore hardness scales)
  • Polyethylene (PE) foams
  • Neoprene (Polychloroprene)
  • Thermoformability
  • Compression set
  • Shear strength

Protective Foam Materials and Diabetic Foot Management

Ideal properties for protective foam materials and clinical management of high-risk diabetic foot presentations.

  • Closed-cell foam
  • Open-cell foam
  • Compressive creep
  • Loss of protective sensation (LOPS)
  • High-risk diabetic foot
  • Pre-ulcerative callus
  • Shear protection
  • Moisture wicking

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