Understanding Skeletal and Passive Tissues Study Guide
Learn about the different types of joints in the human skeletal system. This guide covers immovable (synarthrosis), slightly movable (amphiarthrosis), and freely movable (diarthrodial) joints, detailing their subtypes, structures, and examples. Understand how joint classification relates to stability and mobility in the body.
Save this study guide to your study set
Your learning path
Introduction to Biomechanics and Kinesiology
Introduction to Physics and Biomechanics
The study of the effects and control of forces which act on and are produced by living bodies to understand the mechanics of human movement.
- Kinesiology
- Biomechanics
- Human movement mechanisms
- Neuromuscular control
- Muscle mechanics
- Injury mechanisms
- Tissue load tolerance
- Statics
- Dynamics
- Occupational biomechanics
- Spinal biomechanics
- Gait biomechanics
- Rehabilitation biomechanics
- Orthopedic biomechanics
- Electromyography
- Force plates
- Computer modeling
Kinematics, Kinetics, and Newton’s Laws
Kinematics and Kinetics Newton's Laws
Examining forces on the body through Newton’s laws of motion, acceleration, and ground reaction force.
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Law of Inertia
- Law of Acceleration
- Law of Forces
- Force equals mass x acceleration
- Ground reaction force
- Force of Gravity
- Net Force
Tissue Injury and Stress-Strain Mechanics
Mechanisms of Tissue Injury
Tissue injury occurs when applied force exceeds tissue tolerance.
- Applied Force
- Tissue Tolerance
- High Force Injury
- Low, Repetitive Force Injury
- Low, Constant Force Injury
- Margin of Safety
- Time Force
Stress and Strain in Tissue Loading
Biomechanics uses the tools of mechanics to describe biological systems through stress, strain, and tissue loading.
- Stress
- Strain
- Tissue loading
- Yield point
- Elastic region
- Plastic region
- Ultimate stress
- Rupture point
- Tissue failure tolerance
- Biomechanics
A Review of Forces
Review of Forces and Tissue Loading
A review of forces including contact vs. non-contact, properties, and directions of tissue loading.
- Contact vs. Non-Contact Forces
- Magnitude
- Direction
- Point of Application
- Line of Action
- Compression
- Tension
- Shear
Muscle Characteristics, Fibre Types, and Function
Pennate Muscle Fibres and Force Production
Analysis of pennate muscle fibres, concentric tension, and force production through pennation angles and lines of action.
- Pennate muscle fibres
- Unipennate
- Bipennate
- Concentric tension
- Parallel muscles
- Range of Motion
- Pennation angles
- Force of contraction
- Anatomical CSA
- Physiological CSA
- Line of action
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and Forces
Forces, Free Body Diagrams, and Quantum Mechanics
This content covers free body diagrams for visualizing forces in a system and fundamental principles of quantum mechanics including wave-particle duality and superposition.
- Free Body Diagrams
- Resultant Force
- Wave-Particle Duality
- Superposition
- Quantum Mechanics
Sports Biomechanics Victories and Techniques
Introduction to Biomechanics Victories
This content discusses biomechanics victories including the Los Angeles flop, scissor technique, and the clap skate.
- scissor technique
- western roll
- center of mass
- clap skate
- dorsiflexing
Fundamentals of Linear, Angular, and Planar Motion
Linear and Angular Motion Components
Motion is a complex combination of linear and angular motion components.
- General Motion
- Linear Motion
- Uniform Motion
- Rectilinear Motion
- Curvilinear Motion
- Angular Motion
- Axis of Rotation
Anatomical Planes, Axes, and Body Movements
This content covers anatomical reference position, planes and bodily division, axes of rotation, and specific movements occurring within these planes.
- Anatomical reference position
- Sagittal plane
- Frontal plane
- Transverse plane
- Longitudinal axis
- Flexion
- Extension
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantar flexion
- Adduction
- Lateral bending
- Scapular elevation
- Scapular depression
- Ulnar deviation
- Radial deviation
- Inversion
Bone Structure, Development, and Joint Stability
Skeletal Structure and Bone Tissue Properties
Bone structure, materials, and categorization including cortical and cancellous bone, bone development, and responses to mechanical stress.
- Purpose of bone
- Bone materials
- Calcium carbonate
- Calcium phosphate
- Collagen
- Porosity
- Cortical bone
- Cancellous bone
- Anisotropic properties
- Bone categories
- Ossification
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Wolff’s Law
- Bone remodeling
- Bone hypertrophy
- Bone atrophy
Skeletal Tissues and Bone Fractures
Information regarding bone anatomy, osteoporosis, and various types of fractures caused by applied load.
- Osteoporosis
- Osteopenia
- Bone mineral density
- Fracture resistance
- Anisotropic effects
- Bone porosity
- Acute loading
- Chronic loading
- Simple fractures
- Compound fractures
- Avulsions
- Spiral fractures
- Compression fractures
- Greenstick fractures
- Stress fractures
- Epiphyseal fractures
- Cortical bone
- Cancellous bone
- Connective tissue
Skeletal Tissues and Bone Fractures: Anatomy, Mechanics, and Pathology
Read · 4 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Skeletal and Passive Tissues
Connective tissues including ligaments, tendons, hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage provide joint stabilization, lubrication, and force distribution.
- Ligament
- Tendons
- Articular Connective Tissue
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Chondrocytes
- Weeping Lubrication
- Fibrocartilage
- Intervertebral discs
- Menisci
- Mechanical loads
Skeletal and Passive Tissues: Stability, Lubrication, and Load Management
Read · 5 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Joint Architecture and Stability
Joint stability refers to the ability to resist dislocation and is determined by the shape of articulating surfaces and supporting soft tissue.
- Joint stability
- Dislocation
- Close-packed position
- Loose-packed position
- Articulating surfaces
- Joint classification
- Joint architecture
Joint Architecture and Stability in Human Movement
Read · 5 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Classification of Skeletal Joints
Classification due to movement includes immovable synarthrosis, slightly movable amphiarthrosis, and freely movable diarthrodial joints.
- Synarthrosis
- Fibrous Joint
- Sutures
- Syndesmosis
- Interosseous membrane
- Amphiarthrosis
- Cartilaginous joints
- Synchondrosis
- Symphysis
- Diarthrodial
- Synovial joints
- Articular capsule
- Synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid
- Reinforcing ligaments
Classification of Skeletal Joints
Read · 4 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Classification of Diarthrodial Joint Types
Diarthrodial joints are freely moveable joints categorized by architecture and axes of rotation including gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball & socket types.
- Gliding
- Gliding joints
- Hinge joints
- Pivot joints
- Condyloid joints
- Saddle joints
- Ball & Socket joints
- Axes of rotation
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- Triaxial
- Nonaxial
- Synarthrosis
- Amphiarthrosis
Classification of Diarthrodial Joint Types
Read · 4 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Muscular Overview and Structural Organization
Muscular Contractile Proteins and Filaments
- Actin (Thin Filament)
- Contractile Proteins
- I Band
- H Zone
- CapZ
- Z-disk
- Myosin tail
- M-line
- A band
Muscular Considerations for Movement and Layers
This content covers muscle layers and variation within muscle fibres including length and diameter.
- Muscle Layers
- Myofibril
- Sarcoplasm
- Sarcolemma
- Endomysium
- Fasiculus
- Perimysium
- Epimysium
- Muscle Fibres
- Fibre diameter
- Strength training
Introductory Concepts in Biomechanics, Kinetics, and Kinematics
Introductory Concepts of Biomechanics
The study of the effects and control of forces produced by and acting on the human body through kinetics and kinematics.
- Biomechanics
- Kinetics
- Kinematics
- Vectors
- Scalar Quantities
- Force
- Weight
- Pressure
- Stress
- Volume
- Density
- Impulse
- Free body diagrams
Calculating Velocity, Acceleration, and Projectile Motion
Kinetics and Kinematics Problem Solving
Calculations involving average velocity, average acceleration, and projectile motion components for athletes.
- average velocity
- average acceleration
- racquet velocity
- horizontal velocity
- vertical velocity
- resultant velocity
- takeoff angle
Leverage, Mechanical Advantage, and Levers
Introduction to Lever Systems and Biomechanics
Muscles produce force to pull on bones, functioning as levers where mechanical advantage is determined by the ratio of load force to effort force.
- mechanical advantage
- load force
- effort force
- lever classes
- axis of rotation
- first class lever
- second class lever
- third class lever
- moment of force
- torque
- moment arm
Static Equilibrium and Moments of Force
This content introduces moments of force, static equilibrium, and lever systems involving effort force and resistance force.
- moment of force
- static equilibrium
- effort force
- resistance force
- axis of rotation
- moment arm
- second class lever system
- third class lever system
- sum of moments
Muscle Layers and Fibre Variation
Striated Muscle Fibre Types and Architecture
Muscle fibre types are categorized by contraction speed, fatigue resistance, and metabolic capacity, while muscle strength is determined by fibre type and fibre arrangement.
- Striated Muscle Fibre Types
- Slow Twitch (Type I/SO)
- Fast Twitch (Type IIa/FOG and Type IIx/FG)
- Motor Units
- Size Principle
- Training Specificity
- Mitochondrial Density
- Glycolytic Capacity
- Fibre Architecture
- Parallel Muscle Fibres
- Pennate Muscle Fibres
- Unipennate
- Bipennate
- Multipennate
Make it your own.
Keep these readings and topics in a new study set, or add them to one you already use.