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Understanding pH and Biological Buffers Study Guide

Learn about the fundamental building blocks of DNA, including nucleotides, the sugar-phosphate backbone, and how nitrogenous bases form complementary pairs. Explore the double helix structure, anti-parallel strands, and the significance of 5' and 3' ends. This guide also briefly touches upon the differences between DNA and RNA.

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Inorganic and Organic Molecules and Water Properties

Properties of Water and pH

This lecture covers inorganic and organic molecules, focusing on the properties of water, chemical reactions like dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, and the pH scale.

  • inorganic molecules
  • organic molecules
  • water properties
  • hydrogen bonds
  • lubrication and cushioning
  • heat sink
  • evaporation
  • hydrophilic
  • hydrophobic
  • dehydration synthesis
  • hydrolysis
  • pH
  • hydrogen ion concentration
  • acids
  • bases

pH Homeostasis and Buffer Systems

The body maintains homeostasis by using buffers to manage pH levels and hydrogen ion concentrations through reversible reactions.

  • pH
  • acid
  • base
  • homeostasis
  • hydrogen ions
  • buffers
  • reversible reaction
  • bicarbonate buffer system
  • carbonic acid
  • bicarbonate

Structure of DNA, RNA, and ATP

Structure of the DNA Molecule

An explanation of the double stranded structure of the DNA molecule including alternating sugars, phosphates, nitrogen bases, and anti-parallel strands.

  • DNA molecule structure
  • Double stranded
  • Sugars and phosphates
  • Nitrogen bases
  • Cytosine
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Anti-parallel
  • 5 prime end
  • 3 prime end

DNA, RNA, and ATP Structure

Nucleotides serve as building blocks for DNA and RNA, while ATP functions as the energy molecule of the cell.

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Nucleotides
  • Phosphate group
  • Sugar molecule
  • Nitrogen containing bases
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Ribose sugar
  • Pyrimidine
  • ATP
  • Adenosine triphosphate
  • Adenosine diphosphate
  • Phosphorylation reaction
  • Hydrolysis reaction

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