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Understanding Health System Organization and Global Models Study Guide

Explore the core components of health systems, including how they are financed and how services are delivered. Learn about different international models of healthcare organization, such as the Beveridge, Bismarck, National Health Insurance, and Out-of-Pocket systems. Understand how societal values influence health policy and how health system performance is measured. This guide also delves into the specifics of the Canadian health system, its legislative framework, and its layered coverage.

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Measuring and Interpreting Population Health Indicators

Measuring Population Health Indicators

An overview of multidimensional population health measures, including mortality, disease occurrence, disability, and quality of life indicators.

  • multidimensional nature of health
  • population health indicators
  • determinants of health
  • crude mortality rate
  • age-standardized mortality rate
  • infant mortality rate
  • life expectancy
  • potential years of life lost
  • incidence vs prevalence
  • disability and functioning
  • perceived health
  • quality-adjusted life years
  • disability-adjusted life years
  • disaggregating data by socioeconomic characteristics

Population Health Data and Interpretation

An examination of sources, interpretation, and potential biases in population health data and gastrointestinal illness reporting.

  • sources of population health data
  • interpreting gastrointestinal illness data
  • data representation and bias
  • incidence versus prevalence
  • age-standardization for population comparison
  • use of denominators in counts
  • surveillance and testing influences

Purpose, Use, and Selection of Health Indicators

A study of health indicators used to describe, monitor, and evaluate the health of a population and its determinants.

  • Health indicators
  • Determinants of health
  • Incidence vs prevalence
  • Outputs, outcomes, and impact
  • Indicator validity and reliability
  • Population health status

Health Indicators: Incidence and Prevalence

Understanding the occurrence of new events through incidence and the proportion of a population with a condition through prevalence.

  • Incidence
  • Prevalence
  • Point prevalence
  • Period prevalence
  • Disease-specific mortality

Models of Health Care System Organization

Models of Health System Organization

This lecture explores health system organization, including public and private financing, delivery models, and the impact of societal values on health policy.

  • Health system organization
  • Public vs. private health care
  • Health policy and societal values
  • Health system performance measurement framework
  • For-profit vs. not-for-profit organizations
  • National health insurance
  • Out-of-pocket model
  • Health system performance metrics

Canadian Health Systems and Public Health Foundations

Introduction to Public and Population Health

An overview of public health definitions, key functions, differences from health care, and frameworks for measuring health system performance.

  • Public health definitions and organized efforts
  • Key functions of public health
  • Differences between public health and health care
  • Population health approach and reducing inequities
  • Evolving definitions of health
  • Behavioural views of health
  • Health system performance measurement framework
  • Health system outcomes and dimensions
  • Health system outputs and service quality

Understanding Public Health Indicators and Health Inequity

Public Health Population and Process Indicators

Analysis of population outcome indicators, process indicators, and equity considerations across water safety, housing, long-term care, and homelessness.

  • Population Outcome Indicators
  • Process/Output Indicators
  • Equity Indicators
  • Waterborne illness incidence
  • Housing adequacy vs. affordability
  • Long-term care (LTC) facility types
  • Housing First model
  • Socioeconomic status and health outcomes

Public Health Indicators, Inequality, and Inequity

Public health indicators are quantitative and qualitative measures used to understand population health and health system performance while distinguishing between inherent health inequalities and the unfair distribution of socially constructed health inequities.

  • Health Indicators
  • Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
  • Health Inequality
  • Health Inequity
  • Socially constructed barriers
  • Health inequality vs. health inequity
  • Intersectionality
  • Heterogeneity
  • Social determinants of health
  • Vulnerable populations
  • Marginalized populations
  • Priority populations
  • Equity-seeking groups

Public Health Indicators and Frameworks

An analysis of process, population outcome, and equity indicators used to measure public health programs and population health.

  • Process/output indicators
  • Population outcome indicators
  • Equity indicators
  • Strengths-based approach
  • Relative Index of Inequality
  • Deprivation index
  • Data limitations
  • OCAP principles

Measuring Population Health and Disease Burden

Understanding Incidence and Prevalence

Measures of health events including incidence of new cases and prevalence of existing disease burden.

  • Incidence
  • Prevalence
  • Point Prevalence
  • Period Prevalence
  • Disease Burden
  • Population at Risk
  • Rates and Denominators

Dimensions of Population Health Measurement

This topic explores multidimensional population health measures including mortality, survival, function, disability, perceived health, quality of life, and disease burden.

  • Crude Mortality Rate
  • Age-Specific Mortality Rate
  • Age-Standardized Mortality Rate
  • Cause-Specific Mortality Rate
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Life Expectancy
  • Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL)
  • Self-Rated Health

Comparing Global Health Insurance and Delivery Models

Canadian Health System Organization and Financing

An overview of the Canadian health care system including legislative frameworks, provincial and federal responsibilities, and health care spending trends.

  • Canada Health Act (1984)
  • Constitution Act (1867)
  • Federal and provincial government jurisdictions
  • Public administration criteria
  • Health care financing layers
  • Public taxation
  • Private insurance
  • Out-of-pocket payments
  • Health care spending trends
  • Gross domestic product (GDP)
  • Life expectancy
  • OECD health spending averages

Population Health Data Sources and Indicators

Interpreting Population Health Indicators and Context

A guide to understanding health indicators, population context, and the limitations of using averages to describe health status and inequities.

  • Health indicators
  • Population context
  • Social determinants of health
  • Age-standardization
  • Incidence vs. Prevalence
  • Disaggregated data
  • Social gradient
  • Surveillance and reporting biases

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