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Soil Science Fundamentals Study Guide

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of fungal ecology and soil dynamics. It covers the historical evolution of biological classification systems, including the Linnaean system, the Five Kingdom system, and molecular phylogeny. Key distinctions between fungi, plants, and animals are explained, focusing on nutritional strategies and cellular composition (chitin and ergosterol). The guide delves into the microbial landscape of soil, discussing its composition, methods for measuring diversi

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Fungal Ecology, Classification, and Herbarium Techniques

Mycology and Soil Fungal Ecology

An overview of fungal classification, soil microbial diversity, ecosystem functions, and methods for quantifying fungi in the environment.

  • Fungal classification
  • Basidiomycetes
  • Ascomycetes
  • Soil microbial diversity
  • Ecosystem functions
  • Biomass recycling
  • Geochemical transformations
  • Lichens
  • Spore-producing structures
  • Phylogenetic analysis
  • Soil organic carbon
  • Mycelium
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
  • Environmental DNA

Field Safety and Logistics

Tick Safety and Prevention

Understanding the risks of black-legged (deer) ticks, Lyme disease transmission, and how to prevent bites using clothing and repellents.

Tick Removal and Symptoms

Correct techniques for removing attached ticks and recognizing early symptoms of Lyme disease like rashes and flu-like illness.

Participation and Clickers

How to use the iClicker app for bonus participation marks in class.

Fungal Biology and Classification

Fungal Fruit Bodies

Identifying various morphological types such as gilled mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, stink horns, and more.

  • Fruiting bodies
  • Mushrooms
  • Morphology
  • Gilled mushrooms
  • Puffballs
  • Stinkhorns
  • Spore dispersal strategies

Soil Composition and Components

Microbial Diversity and Quantification

Herbarium Project Guidelines

Collection Techniques

Best practices for gathering specimens, including digging for the base, taking multi-angle photos, and recording environmental data.

  • Specimen collection
  • Herbarium techniques
  • Photography
  • Environmental data

Spore Prints and Identification

How to perform a spore print using specialized paper and how to use identification keys and websites like Mushroom Expert.

  • Spore prints
  • Fungal identification
  • Mushroom Expert

iNaturalist Documentation

Using iNaturalist to upload observations, manage geo-privacy settings, and contribute to biodiversity databases.

Preservation and Final Submission

Methods for air-drying specimens, creating plasticized specimens in the lab, and organizing the final herbarium box with QR codes.

Fungal Taxonomy and Evolution

Soil Ecology and Diversity

Geochemical and Ecological Roles

Fungal Ecosystem Functions

Nutrient Cycling and Biomass

How fungi decompose complex organic matter like wood to release nutrients back into the biosphere.

  • Nutrient cycling
  • Biomass
  • Decomposition
  • Organic matter
  • Wood decomposition
  • Biosphere

Geochemical Alteration

The role of fungal organic acids in altering soil mineral availability and particle clumping.

  • Geochemical alteration
  • Fungal organic acids
  • Soil minerals
  • Particle clumping

Weathering and Soil Formation

How lichens and other fungi break down bare rock to initiate the process of soil creation.

Fungal Biomass Indicators

Using chemical markers like chitin and ergosterol to quantify fungal presence in soil.

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