Sensory Influences on Reproductive Behavior Study Guide

Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy

Comparison of male and female gonads, internal genitalia, and external genitalia including bipotential and bisexual structures.

• Male gonads
• Male internal genitalia
• Male external genitalia
• Female gonads
• Female internal genitalia
• Female external genitalia
• Bipotential structures
• Bisexual structures

• Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy: Development and Differentiation

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Sensory Influences on Reproductive Behavior

Self-study assignment regarding sensory influences on reproductive behavior including effects of pheromones.

• pheromone
• vomeronasal effects
• Lee-Boot effect
• Whitten effect
• sensory organ detection
• conspecifics

• Sensory Influences on Reproductive Behavior: The Role of Pheromones

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Mechanisms of Sexual Differentiation

Sexual differentiation involves sex-specific, differential development of the brain, body, and behavior directed by genes and hormones during a critical period.

• Sexual differentiation
• Sex-specific, differential development
• Sexual dimorphism
• Critical period
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Testosterone
• Testis-determining factor
• Dihydrotestosterone

Evolutionary Perspectives on Biological Effects

Study questions regarding the Vandenberg effect, Bruce effect, McClintock effect, and pheromones.

• Bruce effect
• evolutionary perspective
• menstrual synchrony
• pheromones

Biological Processes of Sexual Differentiation

Every fetus is bipotential and requires defeminization and masculinization to develop male characteristics.

• bipotential fetus
• defeminization
• masculinization
• genes and steroids

Gonadal Development and Sexual Differentiation

TDF binds to receptors on the primordial gonad to induce the medulla and testis while androgens masculinize the internal genitalia.

• TDF
• Testis
• Androgens
• Internal genitalia
• Wolffian system
• Epididymis
• Vas deferens
• Anti-Müllerian Hormone
• Müllerian system

Activational and Organizational Hormone Effects

Hormones have two types of effects: activational and organizational.

• Activational effects
• Organizational effects
• Estrogen
• Sexual behavior

Organizational Effects of Hormones

Hormones have permanent effects during development such as prenatal or puberty timing.

• Organizational effects
• Hormone development
• Prenatal timing
• Puberty
• Estrogen effects on breast development

Prenatal Development of External Genitalia

Anatomical diagrams illustrate the progression of external genitalia development from the indifferent stage through the seventh to eighth week.

• Indifferent Stage
• Phallus
• Genital swelling
• Urethral fold
• Urethral slit
• Glans
• Urogenital slit
• Perineal raphe

Twelfth Week Male and Female Development

Development during the twelfth week.

• Female external genitalia
• Male external genitalia
• Urethral meatus
• Vaginal orifice
• Labia minora
• Glans penis
• Prepuce
• Shaft of penis
• Scrotum

Sex and Gender as Continuums

Sex and gender exist as continuums using a color-coded hierarchical structure to categorize different aspects of identity.

• sex and gender continuums
• identity categorization

Biological Sex and Gender Identity Definitions

Definitions include biological sex categories such as genetic, genital, gonadal, and hormonal sex, alongside gender identity.

• Biological sex
• Genetic/chromosomal sex
• Genital/morphological sex
• Gonadal sex
• Intersex
• Hormonal sex
• Gender identity

Estrogen and Progesterone During Menstrual Cycles

A line graph illustrates estrogen and progesterone levels during the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of a 28-day menstrual cycle.

• Estrogen levels
• Progesterone levels
• Follicular Phase
• Ovulatory Phase
• Luteal Phase
• 28-day menstrual cycle

Understanding Gender Identity and Expression

Definitions and categories regarding gender identity, gender expression, and gender presentation.

• Gender Identity
• Gender Expression
• Gender Presentation
• Cisgender
• Transgender
• Genderqueer
• Non-binary

Hormonal Effects on Rodent Sexual Behavior

Testosterone masculinizes and defeminizes rodents' sexual behavior through effects immediately after birth and when the rat is fully grown.

• masculinization
• defeminization
• testosterone
• estradiol
• progesterone
• sexual behavior

Sexual Differentiation

The provided document contains a graphic element referencing sexual differentiation.

• Sexual Differentiation

The Prader Scale Overview

A section titled The Prader scale shows a scale with Typical written at both ends.

• The Prader scale

Anatomical Week

A diagram shows a specific week of development.

• Twelfth Week