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Physiology of the Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems Study Guide

Physiology of the Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems

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Innate and Adaptive Immunity Overview

Innate and Adaptive Immunity Overview

The immune system is composed of cells, secreted molecules, plasma proteins, and physical barriers that provide protection from pathogens, toxins, and abnormal body cells through innate and adaptive immunity.

  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • First line of defense
  • Second line of defense
  • Third line of defense
  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Normal flora
  • Phagocytic cells
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Mast cells
  • Natural killer cells
  • Eosinophils
  • Interferons
  • Complement proteins
  • Inflammation
  • Fever
  • B-lymphocytes

Overview of Adaptive Immunity

This study guide covers lymphocyte formation, cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses within adaptive immunity.

  • Lymphocyte formation
  • B-lymphocytes
  • T-lymphocytes
  • B-cell receptors (BCRs)
  • T-cell receptors (TCRs)
  • CD4 and CD8 coreceptor proteins
  • Helper T-lymphocytes
  • Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
  • Cell-Mediated Responses
  • Antigen-presenting cell (APC)
  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins
  • Cytokines
  • Antibody-Mediated Responses
  • Plasma cells
  • Antibody structure
  • Neutralization
  • Agglutination
  • Precipitation
  • Complement activation
  • Opsonin

Lymphatics, Immune Response, and Respiratory Mechanisms

Lymphatic and Respiratory System Physiology

Review of lymphatic organ functions, immune responses, and the mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport.

  • lymphatic organ functions
  • immune response
  • macrophages
  • interleukins
  • helper T cells
  • antigens
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • B cells
  • primary vs secondary immune response
  • lymphatic structures
  • spleen anatomy
  • immune defense lines
  • respiratory tract structures
  • respiratory tree
  • inhalation and exhalation
  • intrapleural pressure
  • thoracic cage volume
  • pressure gradients
  • diaphragm

Respiratory Physiology and the Urinary System

Respiratory and Urinary System Physiology

Key terms and processes regarding respiratory physiology and the functional anatomy of the urinary system including nephron structure and urine formation.

  • Respiratory tract
  • Conducting zone
  • Respiratory zone
  • Alveoli
  • Pulmonary ventilation
  • Hemoglobin
  • Urinary system anatomy
  • Renal corpuscle
  • Glomerulus
  • Glomerular capsule
  • Renal tubule
  • Glomerular filtration
  • Tubular reabsorption
  • Tubular secretion
  • Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
  • Capsular hydrostatic pressure
  • Blood colloid osmotic pressure
  • Net filtration pressure

Urinalysis and Urine Composition Analysis

Analysis of a patient's urine provides information about health by examining physical characteristics and chemical composition to determine if diseases or infections are present.

  • Urine physical characteristics
  • Chemical composition of urine
  • Dipstick urinalysis method
  • Urine pH
  • Glucose in urine
  • Erythrocytes
  • Leukocytes
  • Proteinuria
  • Ketones
  • Urinary tract infection

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