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Pediatric Respiratory Infections: Pertussis and Tuberculosis Management Study Guide

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases affecting the heart muscle. It details the different types of cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive), explains the underlying pathophysiology including systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and outlines diagnostic approaches and management strategies, including pharmacological interventions and advanced procedures. This content is suitable for educational purposes, offering insights into cardiac fu

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Cardiology

Cardiomyopathy Etiology, Types, and Management

This content covers abnormalities of the myocardium including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy, along with diagnosis and management strategies.

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Systolic dysfunction
  • Diastolic dysfunction
  • Clinical manifestations
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Medications
  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
  • Heart transplantation

Pediatric Cardiac Circulation and Hemodynamics

This session covers fetal and postnatal circulation, cardiac output, and hemodynamic differences between neonates, children, and adults.

  • Fetal circulation
  • Postnatal circulation
  • Cardiac output
  • Heart rate
  • Stroke volume
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Contractility
  • Ductus venosus
  • Ductus arteriosus
  • Cardiac conduction pathway
  • Cardiac defects
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Pulmonary resistance
  • Systemic resistance

Paediatric Nursing, Development, and Trauma-Informed Care

Paediatric Nursing and Growth and Development

An elective course providing in-depth knowledge of paediatric nursing, trauma-informed care, and growth and development for children and families.

  • Trauma-informed care
  • Growth and development
  • Paediatric nursing
  • Caring-healing relationships
  • Therapeutic relationship skills
  • Legal and ethical issues in child health
  • Client-centred care
  • Clinical decision-making
  • Nursing theory
  • Social determinants of health
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical manifestations
  • Diagnostic evaluation
  • Therapeutic management
  • Nursing care management

Paediatric Nursing Standards and Child Wellness

This topic outlines paediatric nursing standards, child and family-centred care models, social determinants of health, and the impact of adverse childhood experiences.

  • Child and family-centred care
  • Social determinants of health
  • Paediatric nursing standards
  • Growth and development
  • Trauma informed care
  • Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
  • Developmental surveillance
  • Developmental screening
  • Strengths-based nursing care
  • Health inequities
  • Healthcare transitions

ACEs and Trauma-Informed Pediatric Care

This content examines adverse childhood experiences, medical trauma, and the implementation of trauma-informed care to minimize physical and psychological distress in children and families.

  • Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
  • Medical Trauma
  • Traumatic Stress
  • Atraumatic Care
  • Trauma-Informed Care
  • Physical and Mental Health Outcomes
  • Pediatric Healthcare Prevention Model
  • Pain Management
  • Emotional Support
  • Family Stressors

Trauma-and-Violence-Informed Care Approach

A strength-based approach to service delivery that prioritizes understanding the impacts of trauma and violence while fostering physical, psychological, and emotional safety.

  • Trauma-and-Violence-Informed Care (TVIC) Principles
  • Physical and emotional safety
  • Choice, collaboration, and connection
  • Strength-based and capacity-building approach
  • Organizational policies and procedures
  • Individual interactions
  • Vicarious trauma
  • Trauma-specific care
  • Shared decision-making

Developmental Stages and Growth Milestones

  • Sensorimotor stage
  • Preoperational stage
  • Concrete operational stage
  • Infant physical and motor development
  • Toddler language and motor development
  • Preschooler growth and magical thinking
  • School-age peer relationships and puberty
  • Adolescent sexual maturation and Tanner stages
  • Injury prevention across developmental stages

Communicating with Paediatric Patients and Families

Effective communication techniques and developmental considerations for interacting with infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children, and adolescents.

  • Developmental approaches
  • Family dynamics
  • Empathy
  • Open-ended questions
  • Play
  • Barriers to effective communication
  • Medical jargon
  • False reassurance
  • Non-verbal communication
  • Separation anxiety
  • Security objects
  • Literal interpretation
  • Medical play
  • Body image
  • Independence

Pediatric Cardiac and Gastrointestinal Disorders

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Cardiac Shunting

This content discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and blood shunting.

  • Pre-natal saturations
  • Pre-ductal and post-ductal saturations
  • Left-to-right shunting
  • Right-to-left shunting
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Pulmonary hypoplasia
  • Biventricular failure
  • Respiratory stabilization
  • Surgical management of CDH
  • Nursing management of CDH

Pediatric Congenital Heart Defects and Management

This content discusses congenital heart disease, cardiac dysfunction, heart murmurs, and clinical management for various congenital heart defects.

  • Congenital heart disease
  • Pulse oximetry screening
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Heart failure
  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Tet spells
  • Transposition of the great arteries
  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  • Fontan procedure

Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Differences

This content discusses gastrointestinal system differences between children and adults and the pathophysiology of obstructive disorders including hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

  • Gastrointestinal system differences between children and adults
  • Obstructive disorders
  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
  • Clinical manifestations of HPS
  • Diagnostic evaluation of HPS
  • Congenital and acquired obstructive disorders
  • Pathophysiology of gastric obstruction

Pediatric Gastrointestinal Obstructive Conditions Management

Nursing management and therapeutic interventions for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, malrotation, and volvulus.

  • Pyloromyotomy
  • Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
  • Intussusception
  • Pathophysiology of intestinal obstruction
  • Clinical manifestations of intussusception
  • Diagnostic evaluation of intussusception
  • Air enema treatment
  • Malrotation and Volvulus
  • Ladd’s procedure
  • Short Bowel Syndrome
  • Nursing management of pediatric gastrointestinal emergencies

Clinical Overview of Acute Appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix that may lead to perforation, peritonitis, and surgical emergency.

  • Acute appendicitis
  • Etiology of appendicitis
  • Pathophysiology of appendicitis
  • Clinical manifestations
  • Obturator sign
  • Psoas sign
  • Diagnostic evaluation

Cardiovascular Disorders

Cardiomyopathy Etiology, Types, and Management

This content covers abnormalities of the myocardium including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy, along with diagnosis and management strategies.

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Systolic dysfunction
  • Diastolic dysfunction
  • Clinical manifestations
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Medications
  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
  • Heart transplantation

Pediatric Cardiac Circulation and Hemodynamics

This session covers fetal and postnatal circulation, cardiac output, and hemodynamic differences between neonates, children, and adults.

  • Fetal circulation
  • Postnatal circulation
  • Cardiac output
  • Heart rate
  • Stroke volume
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Contractility
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Pulmonary resistance
  • Systemic resistance

Pediatric Respiratory Pathophysiology and Management

Pediatric Respiratory Pathophysiology and Pertussis Management

  • Pediatric respiratory anatomy
  • Pertussis pathophysiology
  • Catarrhal stage
  • Paroxysmal stage
  • Convalescent stage
  • Pertussis prevention and vaccination
  • Diagnostic clinical evaluation
  • Therapeutic management of pertussis
  • Non-invasive ventilation (CPAP and BiPAP)
  • Respiratory distress syndrome

Nursing Management of Pertussis and Tuberculosis

Nursing management for pertussis and the pathophysiology, transmission, and diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.

  • Pertussis nursing management
  • Cardiorespiratory and neurological assessments
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Airborne transmission
  • Latent TB vs active TB disease
  • Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis
  • Tuberculin skin tests (TST)
  • Paucibacillary disease in children
  • Pathophysiology of M. tuberculosis
  • Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis
  • Granuloma formation
  • Immune system response

Tuberculosis Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostics

Clinical manifestations and diagnostic procedures for latent TB infection and active TB disease including Tuberculin Skin Test, IGRA, bacteriologic exam, and radiographic studies.

  • Latent TB infection (LTBI)
  • Active TB disease
  • Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux test)
  • Quantiferon-TB or Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA)
  • Bacteriologic Exam
  • Smear microscopy
  • Radiographic Studies
  • Clinical Exam
  • Gastric lavage
  • Sputum collection

Tuberculosis Therapeutic and Nursing Management

Therapeutic management of tuberculosis includes pharmacologic management, isolation precautions, prognosis, prevention, and nursing management.

  • Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)
  • Pharmacologic Management
  • Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)
  • Active Tuberculosis
  • Airborne precautions
  • BCG vaccine
  • Nursing Management
  • Respiratory status monitoring
  • Health teaching

Introduction to Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation provides ventilation without an artificial airway using modalities such as HFNC, CPAP, and BiPAP.

  • Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
  • HFNC
  • CPAP
  • BiPAP
  • Respiratory interfaces
  • Contraindications
  • Gastrointestinal complications
  • Local mask-related complications
  • Respiratory complications
  • Cardiovascular complications

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