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Nursing Pharmacology and Diagnostics Study Guide

This guide provides essential information for nurses on managing urinary elimination. It details the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, various methods for urine specimen collection, and the types and sterile insertion techniques for urinary catheters. Emphasis is placed on preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) through proper hygiene, drainage system maintenance, and timely catheter removal. The guide also covers specialized urinary diversions like suprapubi

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Fundamentals of Urinary Elimination

Fundamentals of Urinary Elimination

This content covers the anatomy of the urinary tract, factors influencing elimination, assessment of urine characteristics, and nursing management of urinary dysfunction.

  • Urinary tract anatomy
  • Nephron filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
  • Bladder capacity and detrusor muscle
  • Factors influencing urinary elimination
  • Urinary terms and terminology
  • Urinary retention and incontinence types
  • Urinalysis and culture and sensitivity
  • Kidney function indicators
  • Diagnostic tests including bladder scan and cystoscopy
  • Medications affecting elimination
  • Nursing measures for promoting voiding
  • External urinary devices

Urinary Elimination and Nursing Diagnoses

Fundamentals of nursing regarding preventing urinary tract infection, actual versus risk nursing diagnoses, and managing impaired urinary elimination, urinary retention, and stress urinary incontinence.

  • Preventing urinary tract infection
  • Actual nursing diagnosis
  • Risk nursing diagnosis
  • Impaired urinary elimination
  • Urinary retention
  • Stress urinary incontinence
  • Risk for infection
  • Risk for impaired skin integrity
  • Pelvic floor exercises
  • Bladder scan

Medications and Laboratory Data Review

Nursing 101 Medications and Lab Data

Students should be able to identify medications by generic name, functional class, therapeutic uses, routes of administration, side effects, nursing implications, and specific patient teaching, as well as normal values and significance of laboratory data.

  • Medication generic names
  • Functional class
  • Therapeutic uses
  • Routes of administration
  • Side effects
  • Nursing implications
  • Patient teaching
  • Average adult dose
  • White blood cell count (WBC)
  • Hemoglobin
  • Hematocrit (HCT)
  • Platelet count
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • BUN
  • Creatinine
  • Urine specific gravity
  • Urine pH
  • Fasting glucose
  • Oral glucose tolerance test

Fundamentals of Pharmacology and Drug Classifications

Introduction to Pharmacology and Drug Classifications

A study of how drugs effect living cells or organisms, including drug names, classifications, medication effects, and legal aspects.

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug names
  • Generic name
  • Brand or trade name
  • Official name
  • Chemical name
  • Drug classifications
  • Functional classification
  • Chemical classification
  • Therapeutic effect
  • Side effect
  • Adverse effect
  • Drug toxicity
  • Drug allergy
  • Anaphylactic reaction
  • Cumulative effect
  • Idiosyncratic effect
  • Drug interaction
  • Teratogenic effect
  • Nonprescription drugs

Controlled Substances and Drug Misuse

This content covers controlled substances categories, drug misuse, drug abuse, and legal aspects for nurses.

  • Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
  • Category I controlled substances
  • Category II controlled substances
  • Category III controlled substances
  • Category IV controlled substances
  • Category V controlled substances
  • Drug misuse
  • Drug abuse
  • Physical dependence
  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal
  • Psychological dependence
  • Legal aspects for nurses
  • Triple check system

Urine Specimen Collection and Catheter Management

Urinary Elimination and Catheter Management

Procedures for urine specimen collection, catheter types, sterile insertion techniques, and preventing catheter-associated UTI.

  • Routine voided urine specimen
  • Clean-catch midstream collection
  • Indwelling catheter specimen collection
  • Straight catheter specimen collection
  • Timed urine collection
  • Specimen safety and transport
  • Catheter types including straight, two-way Foley, three-way Foley, and Coudé
  • Sterile catheter insertion
  • Preventing catheter-associated UTI
  • Daily catheter care and assessment
  • Catheter removal
  • Intermittent catheterization

Nursing Care for Urinary Elimination

Documentation, assessment, and teaching strategies for urinary elimination including catheter care, specimen collection, and infection prevention.

  • Urinary elimination documentation
  • Catheter care
  • Specimen collection and transport
  • Delegation and patient teaching
  • Kegel exercises
  • Catheter-associated infection risk
  • Urinary tract infection teaching
  • Urinary retention
  • Nursing diagnosis

Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug Action

Pharmacology Fundamentals: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

An overview of how drugs work in the body through pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and various factors affecting drug action and metabolism.

  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Onset of action
  • Peak Plasma Level
  • Half-life
  • Plateau
  • Biotransformation
  • Metabolism
  • Cytochrome P450
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Excretion
  • Agonist effect
  • Antagonist effect
  • Vancomycin
  • Metoprolol
  • Kidney function monitoring
  • Liver function monitoring

Medication Order Components and Administration Principles

Medication Order Components and Nursing Responsibilities

This content covers medication order components, terminology for prescriptions, nursing responsibilities, and variations such as verbal and telephone orders.

  • Medication Order Components
  • Stat order
  • Single dose
  • Standing order
  • PRN medication
  • Nursing Responsibilities
  • Verbal Orders
  • Closed Loop Communication
  • Telephone Orders
  • Telephone Order Read Back (T.O.R.B.)

Nursing Medication Administration and Safety Principles

Guidelines for nurses regarding medication safety, administration processes, and patient-specific considerations for older adults and pediatric patients.

  • Medication safety components
  • Medication reconciliation
  • Ten rights of medication administration
  • Nursing responsibilities in medication administration
  • Avoiding medication errors
  • Nursing process with medication administration
  • Medication administration principles
  • Oral administration
  • Medication administration for older adults
  • Pediatric medication principles
  • Medication card components
  • Common medication abbreviations

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