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Guide to Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Therapies Study Guide

This guide provides an overview of complementary, alternative, and integrative therapies. It defines each approach, categorizes non-traditional healthcare methods such as manipulative, energy, traditional medical systems, and biologically-based therapies. It also highlights important considerations regarding herbs, supplements, vitamins, and their potential interactions with conventional medicine, emphasizing patient safety and coordinated care.

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Sleep, Comfort, Hygiene, and Health Promotion

Sleep Regulation and Sleep Hygiene

This content covers brain structures and sleep regulation, the importance of sleep, effects of sleep deprivation, sleep hygiene, common sleep disorders, and sleep medications.

  • Hypothalamus
  • Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
  • Pineal Gland
  • Brainstem
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Sleep-Wake Homeostasis
  • Sleep Deprivation
  • Insomnia
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
  • Narcolepsy
  • Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
  • Hypersomnia
  • Night Terrors
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
  • Melatonin
  • Antihistamines
  • Sleep Hygiene

Nonpharmacological Sleep Promotion and Comfort

Nursing actions for nonpharmacological sleep promotion, promoting comfort, maintaining skin integrity, and infection prevention.

  • Nonpharmacological Sleep Promotion
  • Complementary & Alternative Therapies
  • Sleep Hygiene
  • Nursing Role in Sleep
  • Promoting Comfort
  • Nursing Process
  • Hygiene
  • Infection Prevention
  • Maintaining Skin Integrity
  • Hand Hygiene
  • Health Promotion

Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Therapies

Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Therapies

This presentation covers complementary, alternative, and integrative therapies including manipulative, biologically-based, energy, and traditional medical systems.

  • Complementary Therapy
  • Alternative Therapy
  • Integrative Therapy
  • Manipulative and Body-Based Therapies
  • Biologically-Based Therapies
  • Energy Therapies
  • Traditional Medical Systems
  • Herbs and Supplements
  • Vitamins and Minerals
  • Acupuncture

Mobility, Immobility, and Nursing Interventions

Mobility and Immobility Nursing Concepts

Mobility is the ability to move freely and purposefully, while immobility can affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial systems.

  • Mobility benefits
  • Factors affecting mobility
  • Respiratory complications
  • Atelectasis
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiovascular complications
  • Venous stasis
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Deep vein thrombosis
  • Musculoskeletal complications
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Contractures
  • Foot drop
  • Gastrointestinal complications
  • Urinary complications
  • Skin complications
  • Pressure injuries

Mobility and Range of Motion Techniques

Instructional guidance on cane use, walker use, crutch gaits, and range of motion to prevent complications.

  • Cane Use
  • Crutch Gaits
  • Four-Point Gait
  • Two-Point Gait
  • Three-Point Gait
  • Swing-To Gait
  • Swing-Through Gait
  • Crutch Safety
  • Range of Motion (ROM)
  • Active ROM
  • Passive ROM
  • Active-Assisted ROM
  • Incentive spirometer
  • Atelectasis
  • SCDs
  • DVT
  • Contractures
  • Early ambulation

Hygiene Considerations Across the Lifespan and Special Populations

Hygiene Considerations Across the Lifespan

Hygiene considerations across the lifespan include privacy, cultural considerations, and age-specific needs for infants, adolescents, older adults, and clients with stroke, spinal cord injury, visual impairment, bariatric challenges, dementia, or amputation.

  • Privacy and dignity
  • Cultural and religious preferences
  • Infant hygiene
  • Adolescent hygiene
  • Older adult hygiene barriers
  • Stroke hygiene and aspiration risk
  • Spinal cord injury safety
  • Visual impairment grooming techniques
  • Bariatric skin fold assessment
  • Dementia ADL assistance
  • Amputation care and safety equipment

Urinary and Bowel Elimination Management

Urinary Elimination and Kidney Function

Factors affecting urine production, characteristics, and elimination patterns including disorders, medications, and nursing interventions.

  • Urine production and characteristics
  • Urinary elimination disorders
  • Urinary incontinence types
  • Urinary retention
  • Urinary tract infection (UTI)
  • Kidney failure and Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Urinary diversions
  • Urine specimen collection
  • Bladder training and scanning
  • Types of urinary catheters
  • Nursing priorities for urinary care

Gastrointestinal Tract and Bowel Elimination

This presentation covers the gastrointestinal tract pathway, age-related digestive changes, bowel elimination disorders, common GI conditions, and nursing priorities for promoting healthy bowel elimination.

  • Gastrointestinal tract pathway
  • Peristalsis
  • Age-related digestive changes
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Bowel incontinence
  • Diverticulitis
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
  • Bowel obstruction
  • Ulcerative Colitis
  • Crohn's Disease
  • Enemas
  • Laxatives and stool softeners
  • Bowel training
  • Rectal tubes
  • Ileostomy
  • Colostomy
  • J-Pouch
  • Kock Pouch
  • Stoma assessment

Nutritional Assessment and Pain Management

Nutritional Status and Dietary Management

This content covers digestion, nutritional assessment, BMI categories, therapeutic diets, and nursing interventions for aspiration and blood glucose monitoring.

  • Digestion
  • Peristalsis
  • Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Protein functions
  • Undernutrition
  • Overnutrition
  • Eating disorders
  • Anti-inflammatory eating
  • 24-Hour Recall
  • Food Frequency Questionnaire
  • Therapeutic diets
  • NPO status
  • Dysphagia
  • Aspiration
  • Regular diet
  • Soft diet
  • Pureed diet
  • Cardiovascular diet
  • Renal diet
  • Supplement interactions

Comprehensive Pain Assessment and Management

This content covers pain assessment methods, types of pain, and management considerations for various client populations.

  • Pain assessment methods
  • Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
  • FLACC Scale
  • PQRST systematic method
  • Subjective vs objective indicators
  • Acute vs chronic pain
  • Nociceptive pain
  • Neuropathic pain
  • Cancer pain
  • Pain in older adult clients
  • End-of-life pain management

Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Pain Management

Strategies for managing acute and chronic pain through pharmacological interventions, nonpharmacological methods, and adjuvant analgesics.

  • Nonpharmacological pain management
  • Physical methods
  • Cognitive methods
  • Opioids
  • Opioid adverse effects
  • Naloxone
  • PCA Pump
  • NSAIDs
  • Acetaminophen
  • Adjuvant analgesics
  • Medical cannabis
  • Neuropathic pain
  • Acute pain management
  • Chronic pain management
  • Anticonvulsants

Sensory Perception and Cranial Nerve Assessment

Sensory Perception and Cranial Nerves

This content covers sensory alterations, nursing priorities, and the assessment of cranial nerves.

  • Sensory deficit
  • Sensory deprivation
  • Sensory overload
  • Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)
  • Olfactory nerve
  • Optic nerve
  • Trochlear nerve
  • Trigeminal nerve
  • Facial nerve
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
  • Accessory nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Nursing priorities for sensory changes

Alterations in Vision and Common Findings

This presentation covers alterations in vision including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.

  • Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
  • Astigmatism
  • Cataracts
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Glaucoma
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Nursing Priorities
  • Intraocular pressure
  • Retinal blood vessels
  • Macula degeneration

Hearing Alterations and Sensory Perception

This content discusses hearing alterations including tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, and ototoxicity, alongside aphasia types and age-related sensory changes.

  • Tinnitus
  • Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)
  • Presbycusis
  • Ototoxicity
  • Conductive Hearing Loss
  • Otitis Media
  • Weber Test
  • Expressive Aphasia (Broca's Aphasia)
  • Global Aphasia
  • Age-related sensory changes
  • Dementia
  • Delirium

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