Fundamentals of the Nervous System Study Guide
This guide covers the cerebellum's role in motor control, coordination, and equilibrium, as well as the diencephalon's function as a central processing core for sensory information and maintaining internal homeostasis. It details the anatomical structures and key functions of both regions, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus within the diencephalon, and the cerebellar hemispheres, cortex, and arbor vitae within the cerebellum.
Save this study guide to your study set
Your learning path
Bones and Skeletal Tissues
Cartilage Structure and Types
This lecture presentation covers the location, basic structure, and types of cartilages including hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.
- Cartilage
- Perichondrium
- Chondrocyte
- Lacunae
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Appositional growth
- Interstitial growth
- Bone connective tissue
Functions and Anatomy of Bone Tissue
This lecture presentation covers the functions, components, cell types, and classifications of bone tissue and bone anatomy.
- Functions of bones
- Organic and inorganic components of bone tissue
- Extracellular matrix composition
- Osteogenic cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
- Classification of bones
- Compact bone
- Spongy bone
- Trabeculae
- Structure of a long bone
- Diaphysis
- Epiphyses
- Medullary cavity
- Periosteum
- Endosteum
- Bone design and stress
- Bone markings
Microscopic Structure of Compact and Spongy Bone
This lecture presentation details the microscopic structure of compact bone and spongy bone, including osteons, lamellae, and trabeculae.
- Compact bone
- Spongy bone
- Osteons
- Central canal
- Perforating canals
- Canaliculi
- Trabeculae
- Osteocytes
- Lacunae
- Endosteum
- Periosteum
Fundamentals of the Nervous System
Fundamentals of the Nervous System
The nervous system serves as a master control and communication system consisting of sensory receptors, integration-term for interpreting input, and motor output.
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Sensory receptors
- Sensory input
- Motor output
- Integration
- Somatic sensory
- Visceral sensory
- Somatic motor
- Visceral motor
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
- Brain and spinal cord
- Ganglia
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth and cardiac muscle
- Glands
Fundamentals of the Nervous System
Read · 4 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
The Central Nervous System and Brain Organization
The Central Nervous System and Brain
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, featuring complex structures such as the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, and medulla oblongata.
- central nervous system
- brain and spinal cord
- cerebral hemispheres
- brain stem
- medulla oblongata
- diencephalon
- pons
- gray matter and white matter
- ventricles
- cerebral cortex
- hypothalamus
- epipithalamus
- reticular formation
- autonomic nervous system
- endocrine system
Structure and Function of the Cerebellum and Diencephalon
The cerebellum coordinates body movements and maintains equilibrium while the diencephalon serves as the central core of the forebrain containing the thalamus and hypothalamus.
- cerebellum structure
- cerebellar hemispheres
- diencephalon
- hypothalamus
- hypothalamic functions
- visceral control
Structure and Function of the Cerebellum and Diencephalon
Read · 4 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Nuclei and Cerebellar Hemispheres Anatomy
This lecture presentation covers the nuclei of the thalamus and hypothalamus and the anatomical structures of the cerebellar hemispheres.
- Hypothalamus
- Diencephalon
- Pineal gland
- Melatonin secretion
- Cerebellar hemispheres
- Fissures
- Lobes of the cerebellum
Processes of Bone Development and Growth
Processes of Bone Development and Ossification
Bone tissue formation occurs through intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
- Ossification
- Intramembranous ossification
- Endochondral ossification
- Mesenchyme
- Hyaline cartilage
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoid
- Woven bone
- Lamellar bone
- Periosteum
- Primary ossification center
- Secondary ossification center
- Epiphyseal plate
- Articular cartilage
Processes of Bone Development and Ossification
Read · 5 min
- Import & open
Flashcards
Import to get started
- Import & open
Quiz
Import to get started
- Import & open
Practice test
Import to get started
- Import & open
Listen
Import to get started
- Import & open
Tutor Me
Import to get started
- Import & open
Watch
Import to get started
- Import & open
Chat
Import to get started
- Import & open
Arcade
Import to get started
Anatomy of Epiphyseal Growth Areas
Cartilage cells in epiphyseal plates organize for bone lengthening and appositional growth through hormonal regulation.
- Epiphyseal plates
- Chondroblasts
- Chondrocytes
- Calcification
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Endochondral bones
- Appositional growth
- Growth hormone
- Thyroid hormone
- Sex hormones
Structure and Function of Neurons
Fundamentals of Nervous Tissue and Neurons
This lecture covers the structural and functional classification of neurons, including cell body components, dendrites, axons, and synapses.
- Nervous tissue
- Neuron types
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axons
- Synapses
- Presynaptic neuron
- Postsynaptic neuron
- Axodendritic synapse
- Axosomatic synapse
- Structural classification
- Functional classification
- Sensory neurons
- Motor neurons
- Interneurons
Structure and Function of the Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum Motor and Somatosensory Areas
The cerebellum contains motor areas and somatosensory cortex including the primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex.
- Motor areas
- Specific pyramidal cells
- Primary motor cortex
- Somatosensory cortex
- Frontal eye field
- Broca's area
- Language comprehension
- Emotional overtones
- Posterior association area
- Speech comprehension
- Word articulation
- Sound sequences
- Lateralization of cortical functioning
- Left cerebral hemisphere
- Right cerebral hemisphere
Autonomic Nervous System Divisions and Pathways
Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensation
This content details the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on various organs and describes visceral sensory neurons and referred pain.
- Sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla
- Parasympathetic and sympathetic division effects on organs
- Fight or flight response
- Visceral sensory neurons
- Visceral pain
- Referred pain
Bone Remodeling, Fractures, and Disorders
Bone Remodeling and Osteoclast Function
Bone is a dynamic living tissue where bone matrix and osteocytes are continually removed and replaced through bone deposition and bone reabsorption.
- Bone remodeling
- Bone deposition
- Bone reabsorption
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Cancellous bone
- Compact bone
- Bone matrix
- Osteocytes
- Hematopoietic stem cells
Bone Fractures, Disorders, and Skeletal Development
- Stages in the healing of a bone fracture
- Hematoma
- Fibrocartilaginous callus
- Bone remodeling
- Osteoporosis
- Bone reabsorption
- Bone deposition
- Osteomalacia
- Rickets
- Mesenchyme
- Primary ossification centers
- Bone mass decline
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Tissue
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The central nervous system consists of gray matter and white matter, while the peripheral nervous system involves sensory and motor neurons, reflex arcs, and neural regeneration.
- Gray matter
- White matter
- Myelinated axons
- Unmyelinated axons
- Tracs
- Sensory afferent fibers
- Motor efferent fibers
- Neuroglia
- Spinal cord
- Reflex arcs
- Monosynaptic reflex
- Polysynaptic reflex
- Serial processing
- Parallel processing
- Multiple sclerosis
- Axon regeneration
- Schwann cells
- Neuroepithelial cells
- Neuroblasts
The Central Nervous System Structure and Function
Protection and Anatomy of the Brain
The brain is protected by meninges, dura mater, arachnoid matter, and pia mater, while cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricular system.
- Meninges
- Skull
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid matter
- Pia mater
- Superior sagittal sinus
- Subdural space
- Arachnoid granulation
- Blood-brain barrier
- Choroid plexus
- Ventricular system
- Central nervous system disorders
Embryonic Development and Organization of Muscles
Muscles of the Thorax, Arm, and Hand
Superficial and deep muscles of the posterior thorax, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand acting on the scapula, elbow, wrist, and fingers.
- Superficial muscles of the posterior thorax
- Movements of the scapula
- Muscles crossing the shoulder and glenohumeral joint
- Anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm
- Flexors and extensors of the forearm
- Intrinsic muscles of the hand
- Midpalmar muscles
- Lumbricals
- Interossei
Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
This lecture presentation covers muscles of the thigh and leg, including anterior, posterior, and medial compartments, and their movements at the hip, knee, and ankle joints.
- Anterior muscles of the thigh
- Posterior muscles of the thigh
- Medial compartment muscles
- Quadriceps femoris
- Hamstrings
- Gluteal muscles
- Adductor muscles
- Hip joint movements
- Knee joint movements
- Leg compartments
- Deep fascia of the thigh
- Retinacula
Muscles of the Leg Compartments
This content identifies the muscles of the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments of the right leg.
- Anterior compartment muscles
- Lateral compartment muscles
- Posterior compartment muscles
- Superficial muscles
- Deep muscles
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis brevis
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantaris
- Popliteus
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Tibialis posterior
Intrinsic Muscles and Surface Anatomy
- Intrinsic muscles of the foot
- Extensor digitorum brevis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor accessorius
- Lumbricals
- Plantar interossei
- Surface anatomy of the head
- Superciliary arches
- External occipital protuberance
- Mastoid process
- Temporalis muscle
- Frontalis muscle
- Zygomatic arch
- Temporomandibular joint
- Masseter muscle
Surface Anatomy of the Human Body
This lecture presentation covers the surface anatomy, skeletal landmarks, and muscles of the neck, thorax, abdomen, back, upper limb, and lower limb.
- Neck triangles
- Skeletal landmarks
- Muscles of the neck
- Thorax and torso surface features
- Back surface anatomy
- Upper limb and shoulder structures
- Arm and forearm anatomy
- Hand surface features
- Gluteal region and pelvis
- Thigh and leg anatomy
- Leg and foot anatomy
Make it your own.
Keep these readings and topics in a new study set, or add them to one you already use.