Fundamentals of Biological Macromolecules Study Guide
Explore the essential building blocks of life. Learn about elements, compounds, monomers, and polymers. Understand the structure and function of the four major biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This guide covers their roles in energy storage, structural support, and genetic information transmission.
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Biological Macromolecules, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins
DNA Extraction Lab and Procedures
Understand, explain, recognize and draw or model the structure of DNA and RNA and perform a DNA extraction lab.
- DNA structure
- RNA structure
- Complementary rule
- DNA extraction
- Oral mucosa cells
- Cell membranes
- Protein chains
- Ethanol precipitation
DNA Extraction and Molecular Blueprint
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DNA Structure and Discovery
DNA is a nucleic acid polymer that serves as the cell's genetic material and blueprint of life.
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Nucleotide monomers
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous bases
- Purines and Pyrimidines
- Complementary base pairs
- Hydrogen bonds
- Sugar-phosphate backbone
- Chargaff’s Rule
Structure and Discovery of Nucleic Acids
This lesson covers chromosomes, DNA and RNA structure, and their functions.
- Chromosomes
- DNA structure
- Eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotes
- X-ray crystallography
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA
- Sugar-phosphate
Nucleic Acids and DNA Structure
- DNA structure
- Complementary rule
- Deoxyribose
- Cytosine
- Uracil
- Hydrogen bonds
- Macromolecules
- Transformation factor
- Antiparallel strands
- Wilkins' Experiment
- Nitrogenous bases
Introduction to Biological Macromolecules and Scientific Method
An introduction to monomers, polymers, the scientific method, and the four types of biological macromolecules.
- Monomers
- Polymers
- Scientific Method
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis
- Conclusion
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- CHNOPS elements
Protein Structure and Enzyme Function
- amino acid structure
- polypeptide chain
- dehydration synthesis reaction
- primary structure
- secondary structure
- beta sheet
- tertiary structure
- quaternary structure
- protein denaturing
- enzymes
- activation energy
- key and lock model
- R-groups
- antibody functions
- messenger proteins
- structural component proteins
Proteins and Biological Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in a living cell or organism by lowering activation energy.
- Biological catalysts
- Activation energy
- Lock and key model
- Enzyme-Substrate Complex
- Enzyme specificity
- Lactase
- Catalase
- Amylase
- Enzymatic cleavage
Fundamentals of Biological Macromolecules and Nutrition
Introduction to Biological Macromolecules
Life is built on four biological macromolecules consisting of monomers and polymers.
- Element
- Compound
- Carbon chain
- Hydrocarbon
- Covalent bond
- Polar
- Monomer
- Polymer
- Biological macromolecules
Introduction to Biological Macromolecules
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Proteins, Amino Acids, and Nutrition
Proteins are digested into amino acids used for building muscle tissue, repairing damaged tissues, and maintaining body parts like bone, skin, and hair.
- Essential amino acids
- Non-essential amino acids
- Protein malnutrition
- Kwashiorkor
- Animal sources of protein
- Muscle tissue repair
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Four Bio Macromolecules
Learn the chemical structure and biological function of the four bio macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- bio macromolecules
- chemical structure
- biological function
- proteins
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- nucleic acids
- sugars
- DNA
- RNA
- store energy
- store genetic material
Carbohydrates and Fiber Structure
Carbohydrates composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen serve as fuel sources divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Oligosaccharide
- Polysaccharide
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Cellulose
- Glycogen
- Starch
- Soluble fiber
- Insoluble fiber
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids and Fatty Acids
Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic biological macromolecules including steroids, triglycerides, and phospholipids used in cell membrane structure and energy production.
- Lipids
- Steroids
- Cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Glycerol
- Fatty acids
- Saturated fatty acids
- Unsaturated fatty acids
- Monounsaturated
- Polyunsaturated
- Trans fats
- Hydrogenation
- LDL cholesterol
- HDL cholesterol
- Hydrophobic
- Hydrophilic
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Caloric Energy
An exploration of calories as units of energy, the role of carotenoids, and dietary recommendations for cholesterol and fat intake.
- carotenoids
- calories
- cholesterol
- saturated fat
- kcalories
- energy requirement
Understanding Cholesterol and Lipoproteins
This content explains the functions of cholesterol, the differences between HDL and LDL lipoproteins, and how cholesterol levels impact heart disease risk.
- Cholesterol functions
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- Lipoproteins
- Hyperlipidemia
- Triglycerides
- Non-HDL cholesterol
- Cholesterol ratio
- Saturated fat
- Trans fat
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