Fishing Techniques, Marine Conservation, and Aquaculture Study Guide

Human Relations to the Environment and Sustainability

An introduction to human-environment relationships, including anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and definitions of sustainability.

• Sustainability and meeting present needs
• Sustainable development and quality of life

Introduction to Evolutionary Processes

An overview of the history of biological classification and the mechanisms of evolution including natural selection and mutations.

• evolutionary change through natural selection
• genetic mutations in DNA
• genetic variation provided by mutations
• environmental selection pressure
• pesticide and antibiotic resistance

Speciation and Ecological Interactions

This material covers the processes of how new species arise and how organisms interact within their habitats and niches.

• Assisted evolution in corals
• Allopatric speciation through geographic isolation
• Sympatric speciation
• Polyploidy in plants
• Ecological niche
• Resource partitioning

Environmental Health, Toxicity, and Risk Assessment

An introduction to environmental health definitions, the history of toxicology, and the mechanisms of toxin exposure and metabolic differences.

• Bioaccumulation and insecticide resistance
• Dose-response relationship
• Metabolic differences in toxicity

Assessing and Perceiving Risk

An examination of risk assessment processes, the precautionary principle, and the various factors that influence risk perception and decision-making.

• Definition of risk and risk assessment
• Distinction between risk and uncertainty
• The precautionary principle
• Constraints on risk-related choices
• Political control of information
• Influences on perception bias
• Observability and latency of risks
• Potential for catastrophe
• Voluntary versus involuntary risks

ENVI 101 Exam 1 Study Guide

A collection of study questions covering basic science principles, biological processes, ecology, and environmental toxicology.

• environmental toxicology
• precautionary principle

Green Revolution and Food Production

• Green Revolution
• Yield increase
• Disease resistance
• Food prices

• The Green Revolution: Transforming Global Food Production

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Global Food Security and Nutrition

An examination of food insecurity, malnourishment, food deserts, and the environmental impacts of agricultural production.

• Chronic undernutrition
• Malnourishment
• Macro and Micronutrients
• Food deserts
• Green Revolution
• Food insecurity
• Urban gardening
• Meat-intensive diet
• Staple crops

Fundamentals of Soil and Nutrient Cycles

An introduction to soil composition, particle size, soil profiles, and the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles.

• Soil composition
• Soil texture and permeability
• Soil profile layers
• Carbon cycle
• Nitrogen cycle
• Phosphorous cycle

Biodiversity and Preserving Species

Loss of biodiversity and the sixth mass extinction are caused by deforestation, overfishing, wildlife poaching, invasive species, and climate change.

• Sixth mass extinction
• Endangered species
• Deforestation
• Overfishing
• Wildlife poaching
• Invasive species
• Climate change
• Pollution
• Ecosystem services
• Biodiversity hotspots
• Zoonotic diseases
• Food security

Fishing Techniques and Marine Conservation

This topic examines fishing techniques, aquaculture challenges, and legislative and consumer-driven solutions to bycatch and marine mammal mortality.

• Trawling
• Purse-seine fishing
• Long-lining
• Bycatch
• Aquaculture
• Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
• Eco Labels

• Fishing Techniques, Marine Conservation, and Aquaculture

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Unsustainable Agriculture and Environmental Impacts

Unsustainable agriculture involves phosphorous depletion, eutrophication, soil erosion, and excessive irrigation effects.

• Phosphorous depletion
• Eutrophication
• Soil erosion
• Soil salinization
• Waterlogging

History of Global Conservation and Biodiversity

A history of global conservation efforts including species treaties, national parks, and the ivory-billed woodpecker case study alongside CITES regulations.

• Global conservation efforts
• Migratory Bird Treaty Act
• National parks
• Audubon Society
• Ivory-billed woodpecker
• Habitat destruction
• Plume war
• Birdwatching
• Nature Conservancy
• CITES
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
• Biodiversity protection laws

Deforestation Patterns and Forest Transition Theory

Analysis of land cover changes, deforestation patterns in Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America, and the application of Forest Transition Theory.

• Deforestation patterns
• Tropical deforestation
• Tree plantations
• Reforestation
• Ecosystem payments
• Forest Transition Theory
• Forest cover
• Secondary vs primary forests
• Forest sustainability

Principles and Applications of Restoration Ecology

Restoration ecology involves removing physical stressors, controlling invasive species, and replanting to address landcover changes and degraded ecosystems.

• Landcover changes
• Removing physical stressors
• Controlling invasive species
• Replanting
• Monitoring
• Prescribed burns
• Dam removal
• River restoration

Consolidation of Power in Global Agriculture

The consolidation of power in agriculture leads to loss of food sovereignty, loss of biodiversity in crops, and increased farmer dependency on a few companies.

• Consolidation of power in agriculture
• Food sovereignty
• Biodiversity loss
• Seed and biotechnology consolidation
• Patented seeds

Conventional Agriculture and Pesticide Classifications

An overview of pesticide types, chemical properties, and regulatory policies regarding neonicotinoids and Roundup Ready crops.

• Pesticide classifications
• Organophosphates
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons
• Neonicotinoids
• Roundup Ready Crops
• Glyphosate
• Bioaccumulation

Biodiversity Conservation and Endangered Species Act

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the Endangered Species Act address biodiversity conservation, sustainable use, and species protection through various regulatory frameworks and recovery plans.

• UN Convention on Biological Diversity
• Endangered Species Act
• Endangered species
• Threatened species
• Vulnerable species
• Critical habitat
• Recovery plan
• Umbrella species
• Charismatic species preservation
• Seed banks
• Captive breeding

US Forest Governance and Rights of Nature

This topic examines US forest governance, federal land management agencies, and the legal and ethical frameworks surrounding the rights of nature.

• Forest Governance
• US Forest Service
• National Park Service
• Bureau of Land Management
• US Fish & Wildlife Service
• Multiple Use Sustained Yield Act
• National Forest Management Act
• Endangered Species Act
• Co-management systems
• Indigenous displacement
• Prescribed burns
• Rights of Nature

Restoration Ecology and Land Stewardship

Topics include land stewardship, conservation reserve programs, landscape ecology, restoration ecology, and mitigation.

• Land Stewardship
• Conservation reserve programs
• landscape ecology
• restoration ecology
• Mitigation