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Elements and Biomolecules in Living Systems Study Guide

This guide covers the essential concepts of atomic structure, including the nucleus, electron cloud, and subatomic particles. Learn about atomic number, mass number, and how isotopes vary. Understand the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding and explore practical applications of radioactive isotopes.

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The Structure and Properties of the Atom

Atomic Structure and Properties of Isotopes

The structure of the atom includes subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons, which determine atomic number, mass number, and chemical behavior.

  • Atom
  • Proton
  • Electron
  • Nucleus
  • Electron cloud
  • Atomic Number
  • Mass Number
  • Atomic Mass
  • Atomic Weight
  • Isotopes
  • Radioactive Isotopes
  • Carbon Dating

Elements and Biomolecules in Living Systems

Elements and Biomolecules in Living Systems

Living systems contain essential elements and trace elements that form major biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  • Essential elements
  • Trace elements
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
  • Organic compounds
  • Inorganic compounds

Chemical Bonds, Water Properties, and pH

Nature of Chemical Bonds and Molecules

  • chemical bonds
  • ionic bonds
  • covalent bonds
  • single covalent bond
  • double bond
  • triple bond
  • molecule

Properties of Water, Acids, and Bases

Water molecules exhibit polarity and hydrogen bonding, influencing cohesion, adhesion, and its role as a universal solvent, while acids and bases determine pH levels and homeostasis through buffers.

  • Polarity
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Cohesion
  • Adhesion
  • Surface tension
  • Universal solvent
  • Solute
  • Solution
  • Surfactant
  • Emulsification
  • Specific heat capacity
  • Evaporative cooling
  • Density of ice
  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Hydronium ion
  • pH scale
  • Buffers
  • Homeostasis

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