Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiology and Management Study Guide
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular disorders, including their causes, symptoms, and the pharmacological interventions used for treatment. It covers conditions such as CAD, HF, HTN, PVD, DVT, and PE, along with key medications and nursing considerations.
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Management of Perfusion and Cerebrovascular Disorders
Perfusion Alterations and Clot Formation
This content discusses fibrinolysis, risk factors for alterations to perfusion, and nursing assessments for perfusion.
- Fibrinolysis
- Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
- Non-modifiable risk factors
- Modifiable risk factors
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Hyperlipidemia
- Atherosclerosis
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Blood pressure screenings
- Cholesterol screenings
- EKGs
- Stress testing
Nursing Management of Perfusion and Circulation Disorders
This content discusses hypertension during pregnancy, peripheral vascular disease, and pharmacological treatments for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
- hypertension during pregnancy
- preeclampsia
- eclampsia
- HELP syndrome
- magnesium toxicity
- peripheral vascular disease
- atherosclerosis
- venous stasis
- deep vein thrombosis
- pulmonary embolism
- warfarin
- vitamin K
Cerebrovascular Accident and Stroke Management
Neurologic deficits result from sudden decrease in blood flow to a localized area of the brain, involving ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes.
- Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- Ischemic stroke
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Thrombotic stroke
- Embolic stroke
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Fibrinolytic therapy
- Thrombolytic therapy (tPA)
- Osmotic diuretics
- Thrombectomy
- Hematoma evacuation
- BE FAST acronym
- Neurologic deficits
Pathophysiology and Management of Cerebrovascular Accident
Stroke or cerebrovascular accident results from a sudden decrease in blood flow to a localized area of the brain causing neurologic deficits.
- Ischemic stroke
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Risk factors
- Pathophysiology
- Neurologic deficits
- Fibrinolytic therapy
- Antiplatelet drugs
- Thrombectomy
- Hematoma evacuation
- BE FAST acronym
- Nursing assessments
Musculoskeletal System and Mobility Management
Musculoskeletal Mobility and Impairment Management
Mobility involves the muscular and skeletal systems working together to support body weight, control movements, and provide stability.
- Musculoskeletal anatomy
- Mobility definitions
- Immobility consequences
- Risk factors for immobility
- Diagnostic testing for bones and muscles
- Nursing assessment and interventions
- Collaborative interventions
- Lifespan mobility considerations
- Herniated disks
- Scoliosis
- Fracture classifications and complications
- Bone healing phases
- Hip fractures
Immune System Fundamentals, Disorders, and Management
Immunity and Immune System Responses
The body's natural or induced response to infection involving innate and adaptive defenses, lymphocytes, and immunizations.
- Immunity
- Immunopathology
- B lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
- Innate immune response
- Adaptive immune response
- Antibody-mediated humoral immunity
- Cell-mediated immunity
- Plasma cells
- Memory B cells
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
- Cytokines
- Immunoglobulins
- Active immunity
- Passive immunity
- Vaccines
- Anaphylaxis
- Immunizations
- Contraindications
Lifespan Immunity and Hypersensitivity Pathophysiology
This content examines lifespan considerations for immunity and the pathophysiology, manifestations, and management of hypersensitivity reactions.
- Lifespan immunity considerations
- IgG placental transfer
- Cell-mediated immunity
- Hypersensitivity pathophysiology
- Type I IgE mediated hypersensitivity
- Type II Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
- Type III Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
- Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity
- Anaphylaxis
- Hypersensitivity manifestations
- Pharmacological management of hypersensitivity
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chronic systemic autoimmune disorders involving inflammation of connective tissue, autoantibodies, and immune complexes.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Autoimmune disorder
- Autoantibodies
- Rheumatoid factors
- Immune complexes
- Synovial joints
- Connective tissue disease
- B cells
- T-cell response
- Butterfly rash
- Pharmacological treatment
- NSAIDs
- Corticosteroids
- DMARDs
HIV and AIDS Pathophysiology and Treatment
HIV is a retrovirus that destroys the body’s ability to fight infection by infecting CD4 cells and using reverse transcriptase to convert viral RNA to DNA.
- HIV stages
- CD4 antigen
- Reverse transcriptase
- Opportunistic infections
- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
- Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Integrase strand transfer inhibitor
- Efavirenz
- Dolutegravir
- Truvada
Cardiovascular Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Management
Perfusion and Congenital Heart Defects
This content covers nursing assessments for perfusion, heart sound identification, lifespan considerations for cardiac health, and the pathophysiology of various congenital heart defects.
- cardiac rhythm
- echocardiograms
- heart-healthy lifestyle modifications
- jugular vein distention
- capillary refill
- heart sounds (S1, S2, S3, S4)
- heart murmurs
- pericardial inflammation
- fetal circulation
- congenital heart defects
- atrial septal defect (ASD)
- ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- pulmonic stenosis
- tetralogy of Fallot
- coarctation of the aorta
- aortic stenosis
- cyanosis
- coronary artery disease
- atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology and Management
This content discusses the progression of coronary artery disease from atherosclerosis and plaque development to myocardial infarction, including risk factors, clinical manifestations, and pharmacological treatments like statins.
- atherosclerosis
- coronary artery disease
- plaque development
- fibrous plaques
- thrombosis
- myocardial infarction
- acute myocardial infarction
- lifestyle modifications
- atorvastatin
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibition
- rhabdomyolysis
Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiology and Management
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Pharmacological Management of Heart Failure and Hypertension
This content covers pharmacological treatments, adverse effects, nursing priorities, and patient education for medications used to manage heart failure and hypertension.
- Atorvastatin adverse effects
- Nitroglycerin administration and precautions
- Diltiazem contraindications and nursing priorities
- Heart failure pathophysiology and manifestations
- Lisinopril adverse effects and angioedema
- Metoprolol administration and monitoring
- Digoxin toxicity and antidote
- Hypertension classifications and risk factors
- Losartan and angiotensin receptor blockers
- Doxazosin use in BPH
- Nifedipine and calcium channel blockers
- Hydralazine and direct vasodilators
- Nitroprusside and cyanide toxicity
Pharmacological Management of Heart Failure and Hypertension
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Perfusion and Cardiovascular Physiology Fundamentals
An introduction to the concept of perfusion, including cardiac anatomy, circulation, cardiac output, electrical conduction, and hemodynamics.
- perfusion
- optimal perfusion
- impaired perfusion
- myocardial infarction
- systemic circulation
- pulmonary circulation
- coronary circulation
- cardiac cycle
- diastole
- cardiac output
- heart rate
- stroke volume
- preload
- afterload
- contractility
- electrical conduction
- sinoatrial node
- atrioventricular node
Congenital Heart Disease Pathophysiology and Management
This content covers congenital heart defects resulting from alterations in fetal development, including defects that increase pulmonary blood flow, impede pulmonary blood flow, obstruct systemic blood flow, or present as mixed defects.
- Atrial septal defect
- Aortic coarctation
- Ventricular septal defect
- Fallot's tetralogy
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Pulmonary or tricuspid atresia
- Aortic stenosis
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Polycythemia
- Right-ventricular hypertrophy
- Systemic desaturation
- Cardiac catheterization
- Echocardiography
- Nursing interventions
Cardiovascular Disorders and Pharmacological Management
This content covers the pathophysiology, manifestations, and treatment of coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism using various pharmacological prototypes.
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart Failure
- Hypertension
- Preeclampsia
- Eclampsia
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Atorvastatin
- Nitroglycerin
- Lisinopril
- Metoprolol
- Digoxin
- Losartan
- Doxazosin
- Hydralazine
Cardiovascular Disorders and Pharmacological Management
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Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease Management
Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease Management
An overview of Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease including pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and pharmacological management.
- Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology
- Demyelination
- Multiple Sclerosis clinical manifestations
- Cyclobenzaprine
- Dantrolene Sodium
- Parkinson's Disease pathophysiology
- Dopaminergic cell death
- Levodopa, Carbidopa, and Entacapone
- Benztropine
Tissue Integrity, Wound Healing, and Pressure Injuries
NU271 Exam 3 Content Blueprint
This blueprint outlines concepts and exemplars for perfusion, mobility, tissue integrity, and immunity including pathophysiology, manifestations, and pharmacological treatments.
- Perfusion
- Congenital heart defects
- CAD
- Heart failure
- HTN/Pregnancy HTN
- PVD
- DVT/PE
- Stroke
- Mobility
- Back problems
- Fractures
- MS
- PD
- OA
- SCI
- Tissue Integrity
- Wound healing
- Pressure injuries
- Immunity
- Hypersensitivity
Osteoarthritis and Spinal Cord Injury
Osteoarthritis and Spinal Cord Injury
Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of osteoarthritis and spinal cord injury.
- Osteoarthritis pathophysiology
- Osteoarthritis risk factors
- Osteoarthritis management
- Spinal cord injury pathophysiology
- Primary and secondary spinal cord injury mechanisms
- Complete and incomplete spinal cord injury
- Spinal shock
- Autonomic dysreflexia
- Deep vein thromboembolism
- Spinal cord injury emergency signs and symptoms
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