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Climate Risk, Finance, and Market Mechanisms Study Guide

This guide covers climate risk management and finance, detailing market mechanisms such as green bonds, weather derivatives, and carbon offsets. It examines the three primary climate risk channels (physical, transition, liability) and their impact on financial stability, alongside empirical evidence and policy design for offset markets.

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Environmental Economics Midterm Study Guide

Environmental Economics Fundamentals

An overview of environmental economics covering market failures, property rights, policy, and collective action.

  • Scarcity
  • Trade-offs
  • Opportunity cost
  • Marginal thinking
  • Incentives
  • Market failure
  • Externalities
  • Public goods
  • Common-pool resources
  • Information asymmetry
  • Property rights
  • Transaction costs

Measuring Environmental Benefits and Costs

This module covers econometrics, environmental informatics, discounting, cost-benefit analysis, and methods for valuing environmental goods including travel cost, contingent valuation, and hedonic pricing.

  • Omitted variable bias (OVB)
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Remote sensing
  • Discounting
  • Net present value (NPV)
  • Willingness to Pay (WTP)
  • Willingness to Accept (WTA)
  • Total Economic Value
  • Revealed preference
  • Stated preference
  • Travel Cost Method (TCM)
  • Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)
  • Hypothetical bias
  • Protest zeros
  • Implicit price

Assignment 1: Consumer Surplus and Negative Externalities

Consumer Surplus and Negative Externalities

An assignment covering consumer surplus, market equilibrium, and negative externalities using PMC, PMB, and SMC terminology.

  • Consumer surplus
  • Market equilibrium
  • Negative externalities
  • Private marginal cost (PMC)
  • Private marginal benefit (PMB)
  • Social marginal cost (SMC)
  • Socially optimal quantity

Analytical Foundations and Externalities Policy

Externalities, Taxes, and Abatement Subsidies

An assignment covering marginal reasoning, negative externalities, deadweight loss, emission taxes, and abatement subsidies.

  • marginal benefits
  • marginal costs
  • total surplus
  • supply–demand diagram
  • negative externalities
  • deadweight loss
  • socially optimal quantity
  • marginal abatement cost
  • marginal damage
  • emission taxes
  • abatement subsidies
  • total compliance cost
  • fiscal cost
  • long-run entry and exit margin

Implicit Prices, VSL, and Behavioral Economics

Implicit Prices, Value of a Statistical Life, and Behavioral Economics

This guide covers implicit prices in housing markets, Value of a Statistical Life calculations, and behavioral economics foundations.

  • Implicit price of improved clarity
  • Marginal WTP
  • Superfund cleanups and housing prices
  • Sea Level Rise capitalization
  • Value of a Statistical Life (VSL)
  • Hedonic wage approach
  • Benefit-cost analyses
  • Bounded rationality
  • Loss aversion
  • Framing effects
  • Heuristics and biases

Fundamentals of Environmental Economics and Policy

Environmental Policy Instruments and Discounting

Comparing standards and taxes while applying discounting to environmental projects and cost–benefit analysis.

  • Standards vs. Taxes
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Equimarginal principle
  • Policy control over emissions
  • Price and quantity uncertainty
  • Discounting
  • Time preference
  • Opportunity cost of capital
  • Cost–Benefit Analysis

Comparing SMC and PMC Quantities

SMC and PMC Market Quantity Comparison

A comparison of how SMC differs from PMC regarding private market quantity and socially optimal quantity.

  • SMC
  • PMC
  • private market quantity
  • socially optimal quantity

Climate Damages, Global Externalities, and Discounting

Climate Damages and Global Externalities

An assignment exploring climate change as a global negative externality using economic terminology such as PMC, SMC, and social marginal damage.

  • negative externality
  • private marginal cost (PMC)
  • social marginal cost (SMC)
  • social marginal damage (SMD)
  • deadweight loss (DWL)
  • discounting
  • climate–growth regressions
  • IAM damage functions
  • omitted variable bias
  • adaptation assumptions

Climate Risk, Finance, and Market Mechanisms

Climate Finance and Risk Management

Financial markets price and manage climate risk through policy design for offset markets, climate finance tools, and weather derivatives.

  • Policy Design for Offset Markets
  • Climate Finance
  • Green bonds
  • Climate risk disclosure
  • Carbon derivatives
  • Weather Derivatives
  • Municipal Bonds and Sea Level Rise
  • Physical risks
  • Transition risks
  • Liability risks

Efficiency and Negative Externalities in Markets

Market Efficiency and Negative Externalities

Explain why private market outcomes are efficient without externalities and why negative externalities prevent social efficiency.

  • private market outcome
  • social efficiency
  • negative externality
  • socially optimal quantity
  • marginal cost
  • marginal benefit
  • external cost
  • third parties
  • pollution
  • consumer surplus

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