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•Phospholipides : (RE) - Glycérophospholipides => 1 Glycérol + 2 AG (un saturé et un autre insaturé) constitue la queue hydrophile ou apolaire + 1 phosphate (chargé négativement) + 1 alcool (Éthanolamine/Choline chargé positivement ou Sérine/Inositol neutre) constitue la tête hydrophobe ou polaireRem : la charge global change suivant l'alcool(ex : PE/PC neutre, PI/PS négatif) - Sphingophospholipides => 1 sphingosine + 1 AG + 1 phosphate + 1 alcool (éthanolamine ou choline uniquement) - GPI => 1 Glycérol + 2 AG + 1 phosphate + 1 inositol + 1 sucre (situé uniquement dans le feuillet externe, il permet l'ancrage de protéines dans la membrane)•Glycolipides : (appareil de Golgi, peu abondants <5% des lipides membranaires, reconnaissance cellulaire) - Glycéroglycolipides => 1 Glycérol + 1 sucre + 2 AG- Glycosphingolipides => 1 sphingosine + 1 sucre + 1 AG • Les Stéroïdes : (RE)- Cholestérol => que chez les ç animales !!, Noyau stéroïde + queue (hydrophobe) + 1 fonction alcool (hydrophile, correspond à la tête polaire), s'intercale entre les phospholipides (+ptite taille) stabilise membrane et évite trop de fluiditéTous ces lipides membranaires sont amphiphiles/amphipatique/amphipolaire !!
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