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"I do not know if the people of the United States would vote for superior men if they ran for office, but there can be no doubt that such men do not run."
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- The philosophers, who have examined the foundations of society, have, every one of them, perceived the necessity of tracing it back to a state of nature, but not one of them has ever arrived there. Some of them have not scrupled to attribute to man in that state the ideas of justice and injustice, without troubling their heads to prove, that he really must have had such ideas, or even that such ideas were useful to him: others have spoken of the natural right of every man to keep what belongs to him, without letting us know what they meant by the word belong; others, without further ceremony ascribing to the strongest an authority over the weakest, have immediately struck out government, without thinking of the time requisite for men to form any notion of the things signified by the words authority and government. All of them, in fine, constantly harping on wants, avidity, oppression, desires and pride, have transferred to the state of nature ideas picked up in the bosom of society. In speaking of savages they described citizens.
- All the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another; there being nothing more evident, than that creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of nature, and the use of the same faculties, should also be equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection
- Enlightenment is man's release from immaturity that we have created for ourselves. Immaturity is the inability to reason for ourselves without the guidance from another. This need for guidance is self-created, not because of our lack of reason, but because of our lack of bravery to use that reason on our own. The motto of the Enlightenment is this: Have courage to use your own understanding!According to Kant, what did the Enlightenment encourage people to do?