Pediatrics Questions

A baby is 3 months old. The mother consulted a pediatrician about lack of breast milk. After several test weighings it was found that the child had to receive supplementary feeding. What is the optimal milk formula for this child?

15 minutes after the second vaccination with DTP vaccine a 4-month-old boy exhibited the symptoms of Quincke's edema. What medication should be given for emergency aid?

A child is 2 days old. He was born with a weight of 2900 kg, body length of 50 cm. On examination the skin is intensely red, elastic, with preserved turgor. Puerile respiration is present. Respiration rate - 40/min, cardiac sounds are rhythmic, sonorous. HR- 138/min. The abdomen is soft. The liver extends 2 cm below the costal margin. Diuresis is sufficient. Stool is in form of meconium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An 8-year-old boy has a 2-year history of blotchy itchy rash appearing after eating citrus fruit. The first eruption occurred at the age of 6 months after the introduction of juices to the baby's diet. Father has a history of bronchial asthma, mother - that of allergic rhinitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An 8-year-old child was hospitalized for fever up to 39,8oC, inertness, moderate headache, vomiting. Examination revealed meningeal symptoms. Lumbar puncture was performed. The obtained fluid had raised opening pressure, it was transparent, with the cell count of 450 cells per 1mcL (mainly lymphocytes - 90%), glucose level of 2,6 mmol/l. What causative agent might have caused the disease in the child?

All the joints on the left elbow of a newborn are extended, the whole arm hangs vertically along the trunk with the forearm pronated. Active movements in the elbow joint are absent but present in the shoulder joint. The hand is flattened, atrophied, cold to the touch, hangs passively. Grasp reflex and hand-mouth reflex on the affected side are missing. Haemogram values are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

10 days after birth, a newborn developed a sudden fever up to 38,1oC. Objectively: the skin in the region of navel, abdomen and chest is erythematous; there are multiple pea-sized blisters with no infiltration at the base; single bright red moist erosions with epidermal fragments on the periphery. What is your provisional diagnosis?

A 7-year-old female child has developed an acute condition. She complains of a headache, two onsets of vomiting. Objectively: deferred reactions, body temperature - 39,3oC, pronounced hyperesthesia, nuchal rigidity, positive superior and inferior Brudzinski's signs, symmetric Kernig's sign. What is the provisional diagnosis?

An 11-year-old girl has been immunized according to her age and in compliance with the calendar dates. What vaccinations should the children receive at this age?

A 12-year-old child had three attacks of acute rheumatic fever accompanied by carditis. Examination revealed the symptoms of chronic tonsillitis, mitral insufficiency, carious teeth. What is the optimal method of secondary prophylaxis?

A full-term baby was born with body weight of 3200 g, body length of 50 cm, Apgar score - 8-10 points. What is the optimum time for the first breast-feeding?

A 10-year-old girl was admitted to a hospital with carditis presentations. It is known from the anamnesis that two weeks ago she had exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. What is the most likely etiological factor in this case?

A 3-year-old child with ARVI had been administered biseptol, paracetamol, nazoferon. On the third day of treatment the baby's condition deteriorated: he developed sore throat, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, hypersalivation, painful dark red spots on the neck, face, chest and legs, then the spots were replaced with vesicles. Examination revealed lesions of mucous membranes around the mouth and anus. What is your provisional diagnosis?

A hospital admitted an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with medium-severe asthma, exacerbation period. In order to arrest the attacks the boy was administered broncholytic nebulizer therapy. During the day the child's condition stabilized. What is the most appropriate method for further monitoring of respiratory function in this patient?

Head circumference of a 1-month-old boy with signs of excitement is 37 cm, prefontanel is 2x2 cm large. After feeding the child regurgitates small portions of milk; stool is normal in respect of its volume and composition. Muscle tonus is within norm. What is the most likely diagnosis?

On the 6th day of life a child got multiple vesicles filled with seropurulent fluid in the region of occiput, neck and buttocks. General condition of the child is normal. What disease should be suspected?

A 2-year-old child in a satisfactory condition periodically presents with moderate proteinuria, microhematuria. USI results: the left kidney is undetectable, the right one is enlarged, there are signs of double pyelocaliceal system. What study is required to specify the diagnosis?

The condition of a 3-year-old child with acute non-rheumatic myocarditis has suddenly deteriorated: he presents with anxiety, acrocyanosis, peripheral edemata, dyspnea. Auscultation of lungs reveals fine moist rales on both sides mainly in the lower parts. AP- 65/40 mm Hg. HR- 150/min, heart sounds are muffled, arrhythmic (extrasystole). Liver is +4 cm. Oliguria is present. The child has been diagnosed with acute heart failure. Which method of examination is most informative for assessing the child's status dynamics?

Six months ago, a 5-year-old child was operated for CHD. For the last 3 weeks he has complained of fever, heart pain, aching muscles and bones. Examination results: "white-coffee" skin colour, auscultation revealed systolic murmur in the region of heart along with a noise in the III-IV intercostal space. Examination of fingertips revealed Janeway lesions. What is your provisional diagnosis?

A patient is 14 years old. Cytochemical study of punctate revealed 40% of blasts, there was negative reaction to peroxidase and with Sudan black, positive reaction to glycogen. Specify the form of acute leukemia: