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International Relations
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- Official "diplomatic service" of the EUSupplies staff for permanent representations and EU missionsStatus of embassy but no consular department (done by MS)
- 1949 Military / defence alliance of democratic countries in Europe and North AmericaDeterring Soviet expansionismArt. 5 of the Treaty agree: "an armed attack against one or more of them...shall be considered an attack against them all"2% of GDP on military spendingHow is the relationship between the CSDP's military dimension and the NATO?Major problem was NATO: Solution St. Malo Declaration: made the two co-existIf there was a NATP operation and European forces were called on, then it should be a European operation.
- not supranational but intergovernmentalCovers all areas of foreign policy and securitycommon policies are limited mostly because MS don't want to give the EU more powerUses standard diplomatic instruments: for ex authorise a MS to deliver weapons to Ukraine and forces in the fight against Russiainvolves coordination between EU institutions, member states, and external partners like NATO or the United Nation
- Institution drawing membership from a least 3 states having activities in several states, and whose member are held together by a formal agreement
- the Congress of Vienna (meeting of Ambassadors in the so called Congress System) established an international system of diplomatic rank
- (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US, Canada) informal forum bringing together the leaders of the world's leading industrial nationsPresident of ECB participates (sometimes President of Eurogroup also)
- Basic principles are fear, power, and self preservation
- League of Nations is established (problem: absolute unanimity is required ¨+ The US never joined it)
- United Nations is established - wave of colonial independence: from 52 nations to 193Importance of international cooperation is seenExplosion of number of IGOsNumber of international treaties grows quicklyIncreased attention for the individual - Nation state challenged?shift towards multilateral and institutionalised policies in international relations. This era saw the expansion of international law into economic and social domains, leading to the creation of institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and GATT to manage global economic issues.
- a mean and a method for countries, organisations, individuals, to use means other than war to settle their conflicts
- Treaty of Westphalia: 3 separate but related peace treaties signed in Osnabruck and MunsterNot just to settle the war between Habsburg and the Protestants but find a common groundEuropean/Western idea of state, recognition that power is tied to territorySovereignty as a concept
- • Human beings are fundamentally good, not selfish• Power Politics (war) is not the only answer; states not the only actor• Operates from the "SOLL" position: how things should beCooperation improves things for everyone
- The first Embassies were established in Northern Italy
- a human contract construct that has the exclusive authority to uselegitimate violence within a given geographic territory that is defined by a shared population,culture, and language.
- Cardinal Richelieu is the founder of modern diplomacy
- What percentage of the French population has mobile phones?
- Most politically globalised countries:
- Most Economically globalised countries: