Criminology Otázky

The Auburn Prison opened in 1817 in New York. How were inmates managed in that prison?a. inmates were locked alone in their cells at nightb. inmates were kept from seeing or talking to one anotherc. inmates ate and worked together during the day, but they could not speak to each otherd. both answers a and c above

Court systems in the United States face multiple criticisms. Which of the following is not one of the criticisms?a. Police officers who complain that offenders are treated too lenientlyb. Corrections officials who lack room in their prisons for new inmates and are concerned about the severe sentences that keep inmates incarcerated for many yearsc. The public which believes that the courts fail to provide justice when lawbreakers are released on technicalitiesd. Offenders and defendants, whether guilty or innocent, as well as victims, who do not believe the courts dispense justice in a fair mannere. All of the above are criticisms faced by the court systems in the United States

The Stanford Prison Experiment has been discredited over time. However, Professor Andraschko pointed out some valuable lesson(s) that can be learned from studying it. What important lesson(s) did he identify for the class?a. the need for better securityb. the need for improved training and supervision of correctional officersc. the need for legal oversight of such research experimentsd.None of the above

Steve agrees to plead guilty to a single robbery charge in lieu of being tried for robbery, burglary, and assault. This type of plea bargain is called:a. Reduced sentence pleab. Horizontal pleac. Avoidance of stigma plead. Vertical plea

True or False. Venire is the process in which a potential jury panel is questioned by the prosecution and defense to select jurors who are fair and impartial.

The Posse Comitatus Act generally prohibits:a. Police use of military-style tactics and equipment to enforce the lawb. U.S. Military personnel from direct participation in civilian law enforcementc. the Governor from using the National Guard for law enforcement activities or disaster responsed. the Sheriff from organizing a posse with members of the county aged 16 and over

A grant of a writ of certiorari by the U.S. Supreme Court is:a. a landmark decisionb. the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to review a case which requests the transcripts of the proceedings of the casec. also known as "The Great Writ"d. None of the above

The procedural law that controls many activities of law enforcement is derived from the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment protects our rights pertaining to:a. free speechb. gun ownershipc. police searches and seizuresd. bail decisions

Which of the following technological advances allows suspects to be identified using genetic material found in hair, blood, bodily tissues, and fluids?a. Digital Criminal Identificationb. Automated Fingerprint Identification Systemsc. DNA testingd. Shotspotter

There are a number of programs for providing defense attorneys to represent indigent defendants. Which of the following is not one of those programs?a. assigned counsel systemsb. prosecutor systemsc. contract systemsd. public defender systems

The standard of proof for a juror's making a decision in a civil trial is:a. the preponderance of the evidenceb. beyond a reasonable doubtc. absolute certaintyd. probable cause

Which statement about the procedural law that controls the activities of law enforcement is not true:a. procedural law is constantly changing, making it very challenging for the police to enforce the lawb. procedural law specifies how the criminal justice system is allowed to deal with those who break the lawc. procedural law never changes, making it easy for the police to enforce the lawd. procedural law protects citizens from arbitrary decision making by the police

True or False. U.S. District Courts have jurisdiction over felony cases involving violations of federal laws and civil cases in which the amount of money being contested between residents of different states exceeds $75,000.

The court has decided that the accused criminal, Bob, has significant ties to the community, he has no prior record of default, and he is likely to show up for subsequent criminal court hearings. The Judge offers Bob an alternative to monetary or property bail based on these observations. What pre-trial release option did the Judge use?

The U.S. Supreme Court is composed of a maximum of 9 members appointed for life by the President with the approval of Congress. What is the minimum number of Justices that must agree to hear a case on appeal?

True or False. Nolo contendere pleas are often entered by defendants in criminal trials when there is a high likelihood of a civil lawsuit.

True or False. Criminal court judges decide which cases are brought before them for trial.

Which Federal Agency is the oldest and is responsible for judicial security and witness protection?a. U.S. Secret Serviceb. FBIc. CIAd. U.S. Marshals Service

The term "civil mortuus" refers to:a. civil deathb. loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to conviction for a felonyc. both of the aboved. none of the above

When a criminal trial is conducted without a jury (judge alone), it is called a _____ trial.a. closedb. benchc. jury lessd. independent