Biology Questions

Place the following developmental events in their proper chronological sequence: (1) formation of the neural tube, (2) movement of neural folds, and (3) thickening of neural ectodermA. 1,2,3B. 2,1,3C. 3,1,2D. 3,2,1

Proteins in the egg cytoplasm that play a role in directing embryonic development are calledA. polar proteinsB. cytoplasmic determinantsC. transcription factorsD. somites

After gastrulation, mesodermal cells contribute to the developingA. brainB. skeletal system and musclesC. inner lining of gutD. nerves

An embryo with meroblastic cleavage, extraembryonic membranes, and a primitive streak must be that of _____.A. an insectB. an amphibianC. a birdD. a sea urchin

the belly cells must contain the genetic information for ______ ,but don't express it in their normal course of development

brain spinal cord, spinal nerves origins

MesodermA. is located on the outside of the embryoB. gives rise to gut liningsC. is located between endoderm and ectodermD. is found in the blastula

somites (dermis, muscles, and skeleton) origin

What is the main takeaway from Radiolab on the Primordial Journey of germ cells during embryonic development.

Cells go through several stages of _____ before they reach their final differentiated stateDifferentiationCommitment Replication

What is false about the difference in the two models for embryonic development?fish , frogs, and etc have a spatial pattern in the embryo set up by RNA from the motherMammalian cells are initially unprogrammed and flexible in comparison to fish, frogs, and etcIn mammalian cells the spital pattern is developed through self-organizationFish, frogs a, and etc are initially unprogrammed

What is false about how the inner mass cells become different?In the inner mass, an embryo will form in the epiblastEpiblast undergoes gastrulation after implantationAt fourteen days in the primitive streak, cells will start to become differentiatedThis primitive streak is induced by an expression called ARM

What happens after the cell-signaling process?Causes the transcription factor to go into the nucleus and bind to an activator, initiating the process of new genesCauses the transcription factor to go into the nucleus and bind to an repressor, initiating the process of new genesCauses the transcription factor to go into the nucleus and bind to an repressor, prohibiting the process of new genes

___ is the process by which cells become specializedDifferentiation ReplicationRenewal

If cells have all the same genes, how do cells become different from each other?Not all genes are transcribed into RNA in each cellWhen RNA is transcribed for a particular gene, that does not mean that will translate into all the proteins in that cellDifferential gene expressionA and b are correctAll of the above

Initial differences established by the mom get amplified by cells ____ signals to each other become differentStopingReceivingSending

All cells start in the _____Immune systemInner mass cell Reproduction stage

What is false about what could be learned from Gordon's experiment?Cells do lose genes in differentiationCells have the same genes ( genomic equivalence)Cell differentiation can be reversed

What statement is false in regards to the 1968 Scientific American article by John Gurdona) Many scientists have focused their work on the fertilization process of frogs to get a better understanding of biology, in which they found cell differentiation is highly correlated to the nucleus.b) Deriving from the question does every cell carry the genes necessary for synthesis of the hemoglobin, a particular technique allowed a nucleus from a different cell than just the sperm combine with the cytoplasm and begin embryonic developmentc) This nuclear-transplant-experiment takes place with an egg with no nucleus and the inserting of another cell's nucleus.d) None

In many organisms (flies, frogs, fish and worms) cells start to express different organisms when____When the mom deposits RNA into the egg. This leads to asymmetric inheritance of RNA and proteins after cell division When the father deposits RNA into the egg. This leads to asymmetric inheritance of RNA and proteins after cell divisionWhen the mom deposits DNA into the egg. This leads to asymmetric inheritance of RNA and proteins after cell division