Welcome to the history of British colonization in Malaya.The British presence in Malaya began in the late 18th century and evolved over several decades.Key events shaped British influence, starting with the settlement of Penang in 1786.The East India Company was the primary agent of British expansion in Malaya.Sir Stamford Raffles played a crucial role in establishing British presence in the region.The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 was a pivotal agreement that shaped colonial boundaries.The Resident System became the foundation of British political control in the Malay states.This foundation of British control would lead to significant changes in the administrative system of Malaya.Sistem pentadbiran British di Tanah Melayu dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan utama.Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1896 terdiri daripada Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan dan Pahang.Manakala Negeri-Negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu pula terdiri daripada Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu dan Johor.Struktur pentadbiran British diketuai oleh Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British yang bertanggungjawab kepada kerajaan British di London.Di bawahnya, Residen General bertanggungjawab menyelaras pentadbiran di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu.Setiap negeri pula ditadbir oleh seorang Residen British yang menasihati Sultan dalam semua perkara kecuali agama Islam dan adat istiadat Melayu.Pegawai Daerah pula menguruskan pentadbiran di peringkat daerah.Sistem Residen membahagikan kuasa antara Residen British dan Sultan. Residen bertanggungjawab dalam urusan pentadbiran, ekonomi, dan keselamatan.Manakala Sultan mengekalkan kuasa dalam hal ehwal Islam, adat istiadat, dan sebagai simbol negeri.British memperkenalkan sistem birokrasi moden dengan penubuhan pelbagai jabatan kerajaan.Jabatan-jabatan ini termasuk Pejabat Setiausaha, Jabatan Kerja Raya, Perhutanan, Pelajaran, dan Kesihatan.The British colonial period brought significant economic changes to Malaya.The traditional subsistence economy was transformed into a modern capitalist system focused on export commodities.Two major industries dominated the colonial economy: tin mining and rubber plantations.These industries brought significant demographic changes, with Chinese workers in tin mines and Indian laborers in rubber estates.The British introduced major changes to education and legal systems.Traditional Islamic and customary laws were largely replaced by British common law.
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