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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two intertwined strands forming a double helix.Each strand is made up of repeating units called nucleotides. A nucleotide has three main components.First, we have the deoxyribose sugar, a five-carbon sugar that forms part of the DNA backbone.Next is the phosphate group, which links the sugars together to form the backbone of the DNA strand.Finally, we have the nitrogenous base, which carries the genetic information.DNA has four different nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.These bases pair in a specific way: Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.These base pairs, connected by hydrogen bonds, hold the two DNA strands together in the characteristic double helix structure.DNA replication begins with the separation of the two strands by helicase enzyme.As helicase moves along the DNA, it breaks the hydrogen bonds between base pairs, creating a replication fork.DNA polymerase then begins synthesizing new strands using free nucleotides from the surrounding environment.On the leading strand, DNA synthesis occurs continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.DNA ligase then joins these Okazaki fragments together to form a continuous strand.The process continues until the entire DNA molecule has been replicated.DNA replication ensures accurate transfer of genetic information from parent to daughter cells.The process is highly regulated through multiple cell cycle checkpoints.DNA polymerase includes proofreading mechanisms to ensure accurate replication.When errors are detected, they are immediately corrected to prevent mutations.Multiple mechanisms work together to prevent mutations and maintain genetic stability.Let's review the key points about DNA replication regulation.This concludes our exploration of DNA replication regulation.